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HED resources

Overview:

  • Introduction to HED
  • How can you use HED?
  • Making HED meaningful
  • HED schemas
  • What’s new?

Tutorials and guides:

  • BIDS annotation quickstart
  • HED annotation quickstart
  • NWB annotation quickstart
  • HED validation guide
  • HED search guide
  • HED summary guide
  • Design matrices

Tool documentation:

  • HED online tools
    • User guide
    • Deployment
    • API reference
      • Web application
      • Operations
      • Utilities
  • Python HEDTools
    • User guide
    • API
      • Models
      • Schema
      • Validator
      • Tools
      • Error handling
  • JavaScript HEDTools
    • Browser-based validator
    • JavaScript API
  • MATLAB HEDTools
    • User guide
    • API reference
  • NWB HED extension
    • Getting Started
    • API Reference
    • ndx-hed
    • Release Notes
    • Credits
    • Legal
  • HED schema development
    • HED schemas overview
    • Schema developer guide
    • API reference
  • Table-remodeler
    • Remodeler tutorial
    • User guide
    • Operations reference
      • Transformations
        • Factor column
        • Factor HED tags
        • Factor HED type
        • Merge consecutive
        • Remap columns
        • Remove columns
        • Remove rows
        • Rename columns
        • Reorder columns
        • Split rows
      • Summarizations
        • Summarize column names
        • Summarize column values
        • Summarize definitions
        • Summarize HED tags
        • Summarize HED type
        • Summarize HED validation
        • Summarize sidecar from events
    • API reference
      • Core components
      • Operations
      • Command-line interface
  • HED MCP server
    • Usage
    • MCP API
  • HED visualization tools
    • Visualization guide
    • Visualization API
      • Core API
      • Word cloud generators
      • hedvis configuration classes
  • CTagger
    • User guide
    • CTagger in EEGLAB
  • HED VSCode extension

Other resources:

  • HED specification
    • 1. Introduction to HED
    • 2. HED terminology
    • 3. HED formats
    • 4. Basic annotation
    • 5. Advanced annotation
    • 6. Infrastructure and tools
    • 7. Library schemas
    • 8. The HED ontology
    • A. Schema format details
    • B. HED errors
  • HED task catalog
    • Introduction
    • How to use the Catalog
    • Tasks
      • Tasks by paradigm family
        • Conflict and interference
          • Emotional Stroop
          • Eriksen Flanker
          • Imitation-Inhibition
          • Implicit Association
          • Navon
          • Simon
          • Stroop Color-Word
          • Weapons Identification
        • Response inhibition and stopping
          • Anti-Saccade
          • Go/No-Go
          • Stop-Signal
          • Sustained Attention to Response
        • Attentional cueing and orienting
          • Attention Network
          • Dot-Probe
          • Posner Spatial Cueing
        • Visual search and tracking
          • Contextual Cueing
          • Multiple Object Tracking
          • Useful Field of View
          • Visual Search
        • Oddball, vigilance and continuous performance
          • Continuous Performance
          • Mismatch Negativity
          • Oddball
          • Psychomotor Vigilance
          • Rapid Serial Visual Presentation
        • Perceptual judgment and psychophysics
          • Auditory Masking
          • Biological Motion Perception
          • Face Processing
          • Random Dot Kinematogram
          • Visual Masking
        • Short-term and working memory
          • Change Detection
          • Corsi Block-Tapping
          • Delayed Match-to-Sample
          • Digit Span
          • N-Back
          • Operation Span
          • Sternberg Item Recognition
        • Recall and recognition memory
          • Autobiographical Memory
          • Cambridge Face Memory
          • Free Recall
          • Mnemonic Similarity
          • Old/New Recognition Memory
          • Paired Associates Learning
          • Remember/Know
          • Rey Auditory Verbal Learning
          • Source Memory
        • Memory control and prospective memory
          • Directed Forgetting
          • Prospective Memory
          • Self-Referential Encoding
          • Think/No-Think
        • Metacognition, agency and interoception
          • Body Ownership Illusion
          • Feeling-of-Knowing
          • Heartbeat Detection
          • Intentional Binding
          • Judgment-of-Learning
        • Conditioning, reinforcement and implicit learning
          • Artificial Grammar Learning
          • Causal Learning
          • Instrumental Conditioning
          • Multi-Armed Bandit
          • Pavlovian Fear Conditioning
          • Probabilistic Classification Learning
          • Probabilistic Selection
          • Reversal Learning
          • Serial Reaction Time
          • Two-Stage Decision
        • Motor performance and speeded response
          • Digit Symbol Substitution
          • Finger Tapping
          • Mirror Tracing
          • Motor Sequence Learning
          • Psychological Refractory Period
        • Rule use, planning and reasoning
          • Raven's Progressive Matrices
          • Remote Associates
          • Task Switching
          • Tower of London
          • Trail Making
          • Wason Selection
          • Wisconsin Card Sorting
        • Reward, risk and value-based choice
          • Balloon Analog Risk
          • Delay Discounting
          • Effort-Based Decision-Making
          • Iowa Gambling
          • Monetary Incentive Delay
          • Social Incentive Delay
        • Social cognition and social choice
          • Dictator Game
          • False Belief
          • Prisoner's Dilemma
          • Reading the Mind in the Eyes
          • Trust Game
          • Ultimatum Game
        • Emotion elicitation and regulation
          • Affective Picture Viewing
          • Affective Priming
          • Emotion Regulation
          • Facial Emotion Recognition
        • Language comprehension and production
          • Lexical Decision
          • Phonological Awareness
          • Picture Naming
          • Self-Paced Reading
          • Semantic Priming
          • Sentence Comprehension
          • Verb Generation
          • Verbal Fluency
        • Spatial cognition and navigation
          • Mental Rotation
          • Virtual Morris Water Maze
          • Virtual Radial Arm Maze
        • Pseudo tasks: rest, fixation and self-report blocks
          • Fixate
          • Rest
          • Take Questionnaire
      • Tasks alphabetically
        • Affective Picture Viewing
        • Affective Priming
        • Anti-Saccade
        • Artificial Grammar Learning
        • Attention Network
        • Auditory Masking
        • Autobiographical Memory
        • Balloon Analog Risk
        • Biological Motion Perception
        • Body Ownership Illusion
        • Cambridge Face Memory
        • Causal Learning
        • Change Detection
        • Contextual Cueing
        • Continuous Performance
        • Corsi Block-Tapping
        • Delay Discounting
        • Delayed Match-to-Sample
        • Dictator Game
        • Digit Span
        • Digit Symbol Substitution
        • Directed Forgetting
        • Dot-Probe
        • Effort-Based Decision-Making
        • Emotion Regulation
        • Emotional Stroop
        • Eriksen Flanker
        • Face Processing
        • Facial Emotion Recognition
        • False Belief
        • Feeling-of-Knowing
        • Finger Tapping
        • Fixate
        • Free Recall
        • Go/No-Go
        • Heartbeat Detection
        • Imitation-Inhibition
        • Implicit Association
        • Instrumental Conditioning
        • Intentional Binding
        • Iowa Gambling
        • Judgment-of-Learning
        • Lexical Decision
        • Mental Rotation
        • Mirror Tracing
        • Mismatch Negativity
        • Mnemonic Similarity
        • Monetary Incentive Delay
        • Motor Sequence Learning
        • Multi-Armed Bandit
        • Multiple Object Tracking
        • N-Back
        • Navon
        • Oddball
        • Old/New Recognition Memory
        • Operation Span
        • Paired Associates Learning
        • Pavlovian Fear Conditioning
        • Phonological Awareness
        • Picture Naming
        • Posner Spatial Cueing
        • Prisoner's Dilemma
        • Probabilistic Classification Learning
        • Probabilistic Selection
        • Prospective Memory
        • Psychological Refractory Period
        • Psychomotor Vigilance
        • Random Dot Kinematogram
        • Rapid Serial Visual Presentation
        • Raven's Progressive Matrices
        • Reading the Mind in the Eyes
        • Remember/Know
        • Remote Associates
        • Rest
        • Reversal Learning
        • Rey Auditory Verbal Learning
        • Self-Paced Reading
        • Self-Referential Encoding
        • Semantic Priming
        • Sentence Comprehension
        • Serial Reaction Time
        • Simon
        • Social Incentive Delay
        • Source Memory
        • Sternberg Item Recognition
        • Stop-Signal
        • Stroop Color-Word
        • Sustained Attention to Response
        • Take Questionnaire
        • Task Switching
        • Think/No-Think
        • Tower of London
        • Trail Making
        • Trust Game
        • Two-Stage Decision
        • Ultimatum Game
        • Useful Field of View
        • Verb Generation
        • Verbal Fluency
        • Virtual Morris Water Maze
        • Virtual Radial Arm Maze
        • Visual Masking
        • Visual Search
        • Wason Selection
        • Weapons Identification
        • Wisconsin Card Sorting
    • Cognitive processes
      • Processes by category
        • Associative Learning and Reinforcement
        • Auditory and Pre-Attentive Deviance Processing
        • Awareness, Agency, and Metacognition
        • Cognitive Flexibility and Higher-Order Executive Function
        • Emotion Perception and Regulation
        • Face and Object Perception
        • Implicit and Statistical Learning
        • Inhibitory Control and Conflict Monitoring
        • Language Comprehension and Production
        • Long-Term Memory
        • Motor Preparation, Timing, and Execution
        • Perceptual Decision-Making (Evidence Accumulation)
        • Reasoning and Problem-Solving
        • Reward Anticipation and Motivation
        • Selective and Sustained Attention
        • Short-Term and Working Memory
        • Social Cognition and Strategic Social Choice
        • Spatial Cognition and Navigation
        • Value-Based Decision-Making Under Risk and Uncertainty
      • Processes alphabetically
    • Task-process links
    • Task criteria
      • 1. Task selection criteria
      • 2. Task naming rules
      • 3. The task inclusion test
      • 4. Variation criteria
      • 5. Borderline case policy
    • Process criteria
      • 1. Process selection criteria
      • 2. Process naming rules
      • 3. Process definition standards
      • 4. Process category rules
      • 5. Process reference standards
      • 6. Task linkage rules
    • Mapping to Cognitive Atlas
      • 1. Source data and match types
      • 2. Task coverage
      • 3. Process coverage
      • 4. Verification and reproduction
    • What is in the Cognitive Atlas
    • The Catalog and the Cognitive Atlas
    • Task mapping tables
    • Process mapping tables
  • Documentation summary
  • Understanding HED versions
  • Brief history of HED
  • HED governance

Data resources:

  • HED JSON tests
    • User guide
    • Test coverage report
    • Test index
  • HED test datasets

Quick links

  • HED homepage
  • HED schema browser
  • HED specification
  • HED task catalog
  • HED online tools
  • HED browser tools
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Task-process links¶

Every link between the 106 tasks and 172 processes in the Catalog, in both directions: 486 links in all. A task is linked to a process when its inclusion test engages that process; the process criteria say when a link is justified. The same links appear on the individual task and process pages; this page is the single place to see the whole matrix.

Processes to tasks¶

One section per category. 20 processes are engaged by no task in the current Catalog and are marked as such.

Associative Learning and Reinforcement (13 tasks)¶

Process

Tasks

Associative learning

Causal Learning Task, Contextual Cueing Task, Digit Symbol Substitution Task, Implicit Association Task, Paired Associates Learning Task, Pavlovian Fear Conditioning Task, Probabilistic Classification Learning Task

Extinction

Pavlovian Fear Conditioning Task

Goal-directed behavior

Instrumental Conditioning Task

Habit

Instrumental Conditioning Task

Instrumental conditioning

Instrumental Conditioning Task

Model-based learning

Two-Stage Decision Task

Model-free learning

Two-Stage Decision Task

Pavlovian conditioning

Pavlovian Fear Conditioning Task

Policy learning

none

Reinforcement learning

Instrumental Conditioning Task, Iowa Gambling Task, Multi-Armed Bandit Task, Probabilistic Classification Learning Task, Probabilistic Selection Task, Reversal Learning Task, Two-Stage Decision Task

Reversal learning

Reversal Learning Task

Reward prediction error

Causal Learning Task, Instrumental Conditioning Task, Iowa Gambling Task, Multi-Armed Bandit Task, Probabilistic Selection Task, Reversal Learning Task, Two-Stage Decision Task

Value learning

Multi-Armed Bandit Task, Probabilistic Selection Task

Auditory and Pre-Attentive Deviance Processing (2 tasks)¶

Process

Tasks

Acoustic processing

Mismatch Negativity Task

Auditory perception

Auditory Masking Task, Mismatch Negativity Task

Auditory tone discrimination

Mismatch Negativity Task

Pitch perception

Mismatch Negativity Task

Awareness, Agency, and Metacognition (20 tasks)¶

Process

Tasks

Attentional awareness

Rapid Serial Visual Presentation Task, Visual Masking Task

Body ownership

Body Ownership Illusion Task

Feeling of knowing

Feeling-of-Knowing Task

Interoceptive awareness

Body Ownership Illusion Task, Heartbeat Detection Task

Judgment of learning

Judgment-of-Learning Task

Masking

Auditory Masking Task, Visual Masking Task

Metacognitive control

Directed Forgetting Task, Judgment-of-Learning Task, Think/No-Think Task

Metacognitive monitoring

Feeling-of-Knowing Task, Heartbeat Detection Task, Intentional Binding Task, Judgment-of-Learning Task, Remember/Know Task, Sustained Attention to Response Task

Mind wandering

Continuous Performance Task, Psychomotor Vigilance Task, Sustained Attention to Response Task

Perceptual awareness

Rapid Serial Visual Presentation Task, Visual Masking Task

Self-monitoring

Heartbeat Detection Task, Imitation-Inhibition Task, Prospective Memory Task, Source Memory Task, Sustained Attention to Response Task, Verbal Fluency Task

Self-referential processing

Autobiographical Memory Task, Body Ownership Illusion Task, Self-Referential Encoding Task

Sense of agency

Intentional Binding Task

Cognitive Flexibility and Higher-Order Executive Function (10 tasks)¶

Process

Tasks

Goal maintenance

Task Switching Task

Set shifting

Prospective Memory Task, Reversal Learning Task, Task Switching Task, Trail Making Task, Wisconsin Card Sorting Task

Strategy use

Multi-Armed Bandit Task, Prisoner’s Dilemma Task, Probabilistic Classification Learning Task, Tower of London Task, Virtual Morris Water Maze Task, Wisconsin Card Sorting Task

Emotion Perception and Regulation (10 tasks)¶

Process

Tasks

Affective priming

Affective Priming Task

Cognitive reappraisal

Emotion Regulation Task

Emotion recognition

Affective Picture Viewing Task, Affective Priming Task, Dot-Probe Task, Emotion Regulation Task, Emotional Stroop Task, Facial Emotion Recognition Task, Reading the Mind in the Eyes Task

Emotion regulation

Affective Picture Viewing Task, Emotion Regulation Task, Iowa Gambling Task, Pavlovian Fear Conditioning Task, Ultimatum Game Task

Expressive suppression

Emotion Regulation Task

Face and Object Perception (17 tasks)¶

Process

Tasks

Biological motion perception

Biological Motion Perception Task

Depth perception

none

Face identity recognition

Cambridge Face Memory Task

Face perception

Cambridge Face Memory Task, Face Processing Task, Facial Emotion Recognition Task, Reading the Mind in the Eyes Task, Weapons Identification Task

Gustatory perception

none

Motion perception

Biological Motion Perception Task, Random Dot Kinematogram Task

Olfactory perception

none

Pattern recognition

Artificial Grammar Learning Task, Biological Motion Perception Task, Raven’s Progressive Matrices Task

Somatosensory perception

none

Visual form recognition

none

Visual object recognition

Face Processing Task, Picture Naming Task, Weapons Identification Task

Visual perception

Affective Picture Viewing Task, Biological Motion Perception Task, Cambridge Face Memory Task, Digit Symbol Substitution Task, Face Processing Task, Mental Rotation Task, Navon Task, Random Dot Kinematogram Task, Raven’s Progressive Matrices Task, Useful Field of View Task, Visual Masking Task, Visual Search Task

Implicit and Statistical Learning (6 tasks)¶

Process

Tasks

Implicit memory

Artificial Grammar Learning Task, Contextual Cueing Task, Serial Reaction Time Task

Procedural memory

Artificial Grammar Learning Task, Mirror Tracing Task, Motor Sequence Learning Task, Probabilistic Classification Learning Task, Serial Reaction Time Task

Inhibitory Control and Conflict Monitoring (26 tasks)¶

Process

Tasks

Conflict monitoring

Anti-Saccade Task, Attention Network Task, Emotional Stroop Task, Eriksen Flanker Task, Go/No-Go Task, Sentence Comprehension Task, Simon Task, Stop-Signal Task, Stroop Color-Word Task

Error correction

none

Error detection

Mirror Tracing Task, Sentence Comprehension Task, Wisconsin Card Sorting Task

Executive attention

Anti-Saccade Task, Attention Network Task, Emotion Regulation Task

Interference control

Attention Network Task, Emotional Stroop Task, Eriksen Flanker Task, Implicit Association Task, N-Back Task, Navon Task, Operation Span Task, Simon Task, Stroop Color-Word Task

Proactive control

Task Switching Task

Reactive control

Stop-Signal Task

Response conflict

Affective Priming Task, Eriksen Flanker Task, Implicit Association Task, Navon Task, Simon Task, Stroop Color-Word Task, Weapons Identification Task

Response inhibition

Anti-Saccade Task, Balloon Analog Risk Task, Continuous Performance Task, Delay Discounting Task, Directed Forgetting Task, Go/No-Go Task, Imitation-Inhibition Task, Stop-Signal Task, Stroop Color-Word Task, Sustained Attention to Response Task, Think/No-Think Task

Language Comprehension and Production (13 tasks)¶

Process

Tasks

Discourse processing

Self-Paced Reading Task

Language comprehension

False Belief Task, Sentence Comprehension Task

Language production

Picture Naming Task, Verb Generation Task

Lexical access

Lexical Decision Task, Picture Naming Task, Remote Associates Task, Self-Paced Reading Task, Semantic Priming Task, Verb Generation Task, Verbal Fluency Task

Naming

Picture Naming Task

Phonological awareness

Phonological Awareness Task

Phonological encoding

Phonological Awareness Task

Reading

Lexical Decision Task, Sentence Comprehension Task, Stroop Color-Word Task

Semantic knowledge

Remote Associates Task, Semantic Priming Task, Verbal Fluency Task

Semantic processing

Affective Priming Task, Free Recall Task, Lexical Decision Task, Picture Naming Task, Remote Associates Task, Self-Paced Reading Task, Semantic Priming Task, Verb Generation Task

Sentence comprehension

Sentence Comprehension Task

Speech perception

Phonological Awareness Task

Speech production

Picture Naming Task, Verb Generation Task

Syntactic parsing

Sentence Comprehension Task

Verbal fluency

Verbal Fluency Task

Word recognition

Lexical Decision Task, Self-Paced Reading Task, Semantic Priming Task

Long-Term Memory (21 tasks)¶

Process

Tasks

Autobiographical memory

Autobiographical Memory Task

Consolidation

Motor Sequence Learning Task

Declarative memory

Paired Associates Learning Task

Directed forgetting

Directed Forgetting Task, Think/No-Think Task

Encoding

Cambridge Face Memory Task, Change Detection Task, Delayed Match-to-Sample Task, Directed Forgetting Task, Free Recall Task, Judgment-of-Learning Task, Mnemonic Similarity Task, Old/New Recognition Memory Task, Paired Associates Learning Task, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Task, Self-Referential Encoding Task, Virtual Morris Water Maze Task, Virtual Radial Arm Maze Task

Episodic memory

Free Recall Task, Mnemonic Similarity Task, Old/New Recognition Memory Task, Paired Associates Learning Task, Remember/Know Task, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Task

Familiarity

Feeling-of-Knowing Task, Mnemonic Similarity Task, Old/New Recognition Memory Task, Remember/Know Task, Source Memory Task

Forgetting

none

Pattern completion

Mnemonic Similarity Task

Pattern separation

Mnemonic Similarity Task

Proactive interference

Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Task

Prospective memory

Prospective Memory Task

Recall

Free Recall Task, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Task, Think/No-Think Task

Recognition

Cambridge Face Memory Task, Delayed Match-to-Sample Task, Mnemonic Similarity Task, Old/New Recognition Memory Task, Remember/Know Task

Recollection

Autobiographical Memory Task, Old/New Recognition Memory Task, Remember/Know Task, Self-Referential Encoding Task, Source Memory Task

Reconsolidation

none

Retrieval

Autobiographical Memory Task, Directed Forgetting Task, Feeling-of-Knowing Task, Free Recall Task, Old/New Recognition Memory Task, Paired Associates Learning Task, Prospective Memory Task, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Task, Self-Referential Encoding Task, Source Memory Task, Sternberg Item Recognition Task, Think/No-Think Task, Virtual Morris Water Maze Task, Virtual Radial Arm Maze Task

Retroactive interference

Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Task

Semantic memory

none

Source memory

Source Memory Task

Verbal memory

Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Task

Motor Preparation, Timing, and Execution (22 tasks)¶

Process

Tasks

Action initiation

none

Antisaccade

Anti-Saccade Task

Fine motor control

Finger Tapping Task, Mirror Tracing Task, Motor Sequence Learning Task

Grasping

none

Motor memory

none

Motor planning

Intentional Binding Task, Mirror Tracing Task, Motor Sequence Learning Task, Trail Making Task

Motor preparation

Anti-Saccade Task, Finger Tapping Task, Psychological Refractory Period Task, Serial Reaction Time Task, Stop-Signal Task

Motor sequence learning

Motor Sequence Learning Task, Serial Reaction Time Task

Motor timing

Finger Tapping Task

Proprioception

none

Reaching

none

Response execution

Digit Symbol Substitution Task, Finger Tapping Task, Monetary Incentive Delay Task, Psychological Refractory Period Task, Psychomotor Vigilance Task, Serial Reaction Time Task, Stop-Signal Task, Trail Making Task

Response selection

Affective Priming Task, Eriksen Flanker Task, Go/No-Go Task, Mental Rotation Task, N-Back Task, Psychological Refractory Period Task, Random Dot Kinematogram Task, Simon Task, Sternberg Item Recognition Task, Task Switching Task, Verb Generation Task

Saccade

Anti-Saccade Task

Visuomotor adaptation

Mirror Tracing Task

Vocal-motor control

none

Perceptual Decision-Making (Evidence Accumulation) (3 tasks)¶

Process

Tasks

Perceptual decision making

Auditory Masking Task, Random Dot Kinematogram Task, Weapons Identification Task

Reasoning and Problem-Solving (13 tasks)¶

Process

Tasks

Analogical reasoning

Raven’s Progressive Matrices Task

Categorization

Artificial Grammar Learning Task, Facial Emotion Recognition Task, Implicit Association Task, Lexical Decision Task, Phonological Awareness Task, Probabilistic Classification Learning Task, Rapid Serial Visual Presentation Task, Wisconsin Card Sorting Task

Causal reasoning

Causal Learning Task

Deductive reasoning

Wason Selection Task

Hypothesis testing

Wason Selection Task, Wisconsin Card Sorting Task

Inductive reasoning

Raven’s Progressive Matrices Task

Insight

Remote Associates Task

Mathematical reasoning

none

Means-ends analysis

Tower of London Task

Planning

Tower of London Task

Subgoaling

Tower of London Task

Reward Anticipation and Motivation (8 tasks)¶

Process

Tasks

Approach motivation

Affective Picture Viewing Task, Balloon Analog Risk Task, Effort-Based Decision-Making Task, Iowa Gambling Task, Monetary Incentive Delay Task, Probabilistic Selection Task, Social Incentive Delay Task

Avoidance motivation

Affective Picture Viewing Task, Pavlovian Fear Conditioning Task, Probabilistic Selection Task

Effort allocation

Effort-Based Decision-Making Task

Incentive salience

Monetary Incentive Delay Task, Social Incentive Delay Task

Reward anticipation

Balloon Analog Risk Task, Effort-Based Decision-Making Task, Monetary Incentive Delay Task, Social Incentive Delay Task

Reward consumption

none

Selective and Sustained Attention (26 tasks)¶

Process

Tasks

Alerting

Attention Network Task, Continuous Performance Task, Psychomotor Vigilance Task

Attention shifting

Posner Spatial Cueing Task

Attentional capture

Dot-Probe Task, Emotional Stroop Task, Oddball Task, Posner Spatial Cueing Task

Divided attention

Multiple Object Tracking Task, Operation Span Task, Psychological Refractory Period Task, Useful Field of View Task

Feature-based attention

Visual Search Task

Object-based attention

Multiple Object Tracking Task, Visual Search Task

Orienting

Attention Network Task, Dot-Probe Task, Posner Spatial Cueing Task

Selective attention

Affective Picture Viewing Task, Attention Network Task, Auditory Masking Task, Change Detection Task, Contextual Cueing Task, Continuous Performance Task, Digit Symbol Substitution Task, Dot-Probe Task, Emotional Stroop Task, Eriksen Flanker Task, Go/No-Go Task, Multiple Object Tracking Task, Navon Task, Oddball Task, Posner Spatial Cueing Task, Random Dot Kinematogram Task, Rapid Serial Visual Presentation Task, Simon Task, Stroop Color-Word Task, Trail Making Task, Useful Field of View Task, Visual Search Task

Spatial attention

Contextual Cueing Task, Dot-Probe Task, Posner Spatial Cueing Task, Useful Field of View Task, Visual Search Task

Sustained attention

Continuous Performance Task, Go/No-Go Task, Multiple Object Tracking Task, Oddball Task, Psychomotor Vigilance Task, Rapid Serial Visual Presentation Task, Sustained Attention to Response Task, Useful Field of View Task

Temporal attention

Oddball Task, Rapid Serial Visual Presentation Task

Short-Term and Working Memory (17 tasks)¶

Process

Tasks

Active maintenance

Change Detection Task, Corsi Block-Tapping Task, Delayed Match-to-Sample Task, Digit Span Task, N-Back Task, Operation Span Task, Sternberg Item Recognition Task

Chunking

Digit Span Task

Manipulation

Corsi Block-Tapping Task, Digit Span Task

Rehearsal

Digit Span Task, Free Recall Task

Spatial working memory

Corsi Block-Tapping Task, Virtual Morris Water Maze Task, Virtual Radial Arm Maze Task

Verbal working memory

Digit Span Task, Operation Span Task, Sternberg Item Recognition Task

Visual working memory

Change Detection Task, Delayed Match-to-Sample Task, Multiple Object Tracking Task

Working memory

Digit Symbol Substitution Task, N-Back Task, Operation Span Task, Raven’s Progressive Matrices Task, Sternberg Item Recognition Task, Tower of London Task, Trail Making Task

Working memory updating

N-Back Task, Oddball Task, Rapid Serial Visual Presentation Task

Social Cognition and Strategic Social Choice (13 tasks)¶

Process

Tasks

Competition

Prisoner’s Dilemma Task

Cooperation

Prisoner’s Dilemma Task, Trust Game Task

Imitation

Imitation-Inhibition Task

In-group/out-group processing

Implicit Association Task, Weapons Identification Task

Joint attention

none

Perspective taking

Dictator Game Task, False Belief Task, Prisoner’s Dilemma Task, Reading the Mind in the Eyes Task, Trust Game Task

Reciprocity

Dictator Game Task, Prisoner’s Dilemma Task, Trust Game Task, Ultimatum Game Task

Self-other distinction

False Belief Task

Social decision making

Dictator Game Task, Prisoner’s Dilemma Task, Trust Game Task, Ultimatum Game Task

Social perception

Biological Motion Perception Task, Facial Emotion Recognition Task, False Belief Task, Reading the Mind in the Eyes Task, Social Incentive Delay Task, Wason Selection Task

Stereotyping

Implicit Association Task, Weapons Identification Task

Spatial Cognition and Navigation (4 tasks)¶

Process

Tasks

Mental rotation

Mental Rotation Task

Spatial memory

Corsi Block-Tapping Task, Mental Rotation Task, Virtual Morris Water Maze Task, Virtual Radial Arm Maze Task

Value-Based Decision-Making Under Risk and Uncertainty (10 tasks)¶

Process

Tasks

Choice commitment

none

Delay discounting

Delay Discounting Task

Intertemporal choice

Delay Discounting Task

Probability judgment

Causal Learning Task

Risk processing

Balloon Analog Risk Task, Iowa Gambling Task, Trust Game Task

Valuation

Delay Discounting Task, Dictator Game Task, Effort-Based Decision-Making Task, Ultimatum Game Task

Value-based decision making

Balloon Analog Risk Task, Delay Discounting Task, Effort-Based Decision-Making Task, Iowa Gambling Task, Multi-Armed Bandit Task, Two-Stage Decision Task

Tasks to processes¶

Task

Processes

Affective Picture Viewing Task

Emotion recognition, Emotion regulation, Visual perception, Selective attention, Approach motivation, Avoidance motivation

Affective Priming Task

Affective priming, Emotion recognition, Semantic processing, Response selection, Response conflict

Anti-Saccade Task

Antisaccade, Response inhibition, Saccade, Executive attention, Conflict monitoring, Motor preparation

Artificial Grammar Learning Task

Implicit memory, Procedural memory, Pattern recognition, Categorization

Attention Network Task

Alerting, Orienting, Executive attention, Selective attention, Interference control, Conflict monitoring

Auditory Masking Task

Auditory perception, Masking, Selective attention, Perceptual decision making

Autobiographical Memory Task

Autobiographical memory, Retrieval, Recollection, Self-referential processing

Balloon Analog Risk Task

Risk processing, Value-based decision making, Reward anticipation, Approach motivation, Response inhibition

Biological Motion Perception Task

Biological motion perception, Motion perception, Social perception, Visual perception, Pattern recognition

Body Ownership Illusion Task

Body ownership, Interoceptive awareness, Self-referential processing

Cambridge Face Memory Task

Face identity recognition, Face perception, Recognition, Encoding, Visual perception

Causal Learning Task

Causal reasoning, Associative learning, Reward prediction error, Probability judgment

Change Detection Task

Visual working memory, Active maintenance, Selective attention, Encoding

Contextual Cueing Task

Implicit memory, Spatial attention, Selective attention, Associative learning

Continuous Performance Task

Sustained attention, Alerting, Response inhibition, Selective attention, Mind wandering

Corsi Block-Tapping Task

Spatial working memory, Active maintenance, Spatial memory, Manipulation

Delay Discounting Task

Delay discounting, Intertemporal choice, Valuation, Value-based decision making, Response inhibition

Delayed Match-to-Sample Task

Active maintenance, Recognition, Encoding, Visual working memory

Dictator Game Task

Social decision making, Valuation, Perspective taking, Reciprocity

Digit Span Task

Verbal working memory, Rehearsal, Active maintenance, Manipulation, Chunking

Digit Symbol Substitution Task

Response execution, Selective attention, Associative learning, Working memory, Visual perception

Directed Forgetting Task

Directed forgetting, Encoding, Retrieval, Response inhibition, Metacognitive control

Dot-Probe Task

Selective attention, Spatial attention, Emotion recognition, Attentional capture, Orienting

Effort-Based Decision-Making Task

Effort allocation, Valuation, Reward anticipation, Approach motivation, Value-based decision making

Emotion Regulation Task

Emotion regulation, Cognitive reappraisal, Expressive suppression, Emotion recognition, Executive attention

Emotional Stroop Task

Selective attention, Interference control, Emotion recognition, Attentional capture, Conflict monitoring

Eriksen Flanker Task

Interference control, Selective attention, Conflict monitoring, Response conflict, Response selection

Face Processing Task

Face perception, Visual object recognition, Visual perception

Facial Emotion Recognition Task

Emotion recognition, Face perception, Categorization, Social perception

False Belief Task

Perspective taking, Self-other distinction, Social perception, Language comprehension

Feeling-of-Knowing Task

Feeling of knowing, Metacognitive monitoring, Retrieval, Familiarity

Finger Tapping Task

Fine motor control, Motor timing, Response execution, Motor preparation

Fixate Task

none

Free Recall Task

Recall, Encoding, Retrieval, Episodic memory, Semantic processing, Rehearsal

Go/No-Go Task

Response inhibition, Selective attention, Sustained attention, Conflict monitoring, Response selection

Heartbeat Detection Task

Interoceptive awareness, Self-monitoring, Metacognitive monitoring

Imitation-Inhibition Task

Imitation, Response inhibition, Self-monitoring

Implicit Association Task

Stereotyping, In-group/out-group processing, Categorization, Response conflict, Interference control, Associative learning

Instrumental Conditioning Task

Instrumental conditioning, Reinforcement learning, Goal-directed behavior, Habit, Reward prediction error

Intentional Binding Task

Sense of agency, Motor planning, Metacognitive monitoring

Iowa Gambling Task

Value-based decision making, Reinforcement learning, Risk processing, Reward prediction error, Approach motivation, Emotion regulation

Judgment-of-Learning Task

Judgment of learning, Metacognitive monitoring, Metacognitive control, Encoding

Lexical Decision Task

Lexical access, Word recognition, Semantic processing, Reading, Categorization

Mental Rotation Task

Mental rotation, Visual perception, Spatial memory, Response selection

Mirror Tracing Task

Visuomotor adaptation, Fine motor control, Procedural memory, Error detection, Motor planning

Mismatch Negativity Task

Auditory perception, Auditory tone discrimination, Pitch perception, Acoustic processing

Mnemonic Similarity Task

Pattern separation, Pattern completion, Recognition, Encoding, Episodic memory, Familiarity

Monetary Incentive Delay Task

Reward anticipation, Incentive salience, Approach motivation, Response execution

Motor Sequence Learning Task

Motor sequence learning, Procedural memory, Motor planning, Fine motor control, Consolidation

Multi-Armed Bandit Task

Reinforcement learning, Value learning, Reward prediction error, Value-based decision making, Strategy use

Multiple Object Tracking Task

Selective attention, Divided attention, Sustained attention, Visual working memory, Object-based attention

N-Back Task

Working memory updating, Active maintenance, Working memory, Interference control, Response selection

Navon Task

Selective attention, Visual perception, Interference control, Response conflict

Oddball Task

Selective attention, Temporal attention, Attentional capture, Sustained attention, Working memory updating

Old/New Recognition Memory Task

Recognition, Recollection, Familiarity, Encoding, Retrieval, Episodic memory

Operation Span Task

Working memory, Active maintenance, Verbal working memory, Divided attention, Interference control

Paired Associates Learning Task

Associative learning, Encoding, Retrieval, Episodic memory, Declarative memory

Pavlovian Fear Conditioning Task

Pavlovian conditioning, Associative learning, Extinction, Avoidance motivation, Emotion regulation

Phonological Awareness Task

Phonological awareness, Phonological encoding, Speech perception, Categorization

Picture Naming Task

Naming, Lexical access, Language production, Visual object recognition, Semantic processing, Speech production

Posner Spatial Cueing Task

Spatial attention, Orienting, Attentional capture, Attention shifting, Selective attention

Prisoner’s Dilemma Task

Social decision making, Cooperation, Competition, Reciprocity, Strategy use, Perspective taking

Probabilistic Classification Learning Task

Reinforcement learning, Associative learning, Categorization, Strategy use, Procedural memory

Probabilistic Selection Task

Reinforcement learning, Reward prediction error, Approach motivation, Avoidance motivation, Value learning

Prospective Memory Task

Prospective memory, Self-monitoring, Retrieval, Set shifting

Psychological Refractory Period Task

Divided attention, Response selection, Response execution, Motor preparation

Psychomotor Vigilance Task

Sustained attention, Alerting, Response execution, Mind wandering

Random Dot Kinematogram Task

Perceptual decision making, Motion perception, Selective attention, Response selection, Visual perception

Rapid Serial Visual Presentation Task

Temporal attention, Selective attention, Sustained attention, Categorization, Attentional awareness, Perceptual awareness, Working memory updating

Raven’s Progressive Matrices Task

Inductive reasoning, Analogical reasoning, Pattern recognition, Visual perception, Working memory

Reading the Mind in the Eyes Task

Perspective taking, Emotion recognition, Social perception, Face perception

Remember/Know Task

Recollection, Familiarity, Recognition, Episodic memory, Metacognitive monitoring

Remote Associates Task

Insight, Semantic processing, Semantic knowledge, Lexical access

Rest Task

none

Reversal Learning Task

Reversal learning, Reinforcement learning, Reward prediction error, Set shifting

Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Task

Encoding, Recall, Retrieval, Verbal memory, Episodic memory, Proactive interference, Retroactive interference

Self-Paced Reading Task

Discourse processing, Semantic processing, Lexical access, Word recognition

Self-Referential Encoding Task

Self-referential processing, Encoding, Retrieval, Recollection

Semantic Priming Task

Semantic processing, Lexical access, Semantic knowledge, Word recognition

Sentence Comprehension Task

Syntactic parsing, Sentence comprehension, Language comprehension, Reading, Error detection, Conflict monitoring

Serial Reaction Time Task

Motor sequence learning, Implicit memory, Procedural memory, Motor preparation, Response execution

Simon Task

Response conflict, Interference control, Selective attention, Conflict monitoring, Response selection

Social Incentive Delay Task

Reward anticipation, Social perception, Incentive salience, Approach motivation

Source Memory Task

Source memory, Retrieval, Recollection, Familiarity, Self-monitoring

Sternberg Item Recognition Task

Active maintenance, Retrieval, Working memory, Verbal working memory, Response selection

Stop-Signal Task

Response inhibition, Conflict monitoring, Motor preparation, Response execution, Reactive control

Stroop Color-Word Task

Interference control, Selective attention, Conflict monitoring, Response inhibition, Response conflict, Reading

Sustained Attention to Response Task

Sustained attention, Response inhibition, Mind wandering, Self-monitoring, Metacognitive monitoring

Take Questionnaire Task

none

Task Switching Task

Set shifting, Goal maintenance, Proactive control, Response selection

Think/No-Think Task

Directed forgetting, Response inhibition, Recall, Metacognitive control, Retrieval

Tower of London Task

Planning, Means-ends analysis, Subgoaling, Working memory, Strategy use

Trail Making Task

Selective attention, Set shifting, Response execution, Motor planning, Working memory

Trust Game Task

Social decision making, Reciprocity, Perspective taking, Risk processing, Cooperation

Two-Stage Decision Task

Model-based learning, Model-free learning, Reinforcement learning, Reward prediction error, Value-based decision making

Ultimatum Game Task

Social decision making, Reciprocity, Emotion regulation, Valuation

Useful Field of View Task

Divided attention, Selective attention, Sustained attention, Visual perception, Spatial attention

Verb Generation Task

Language production, Lexical access, Semantic processing, Response selection, Speech production

Verbal Fluency Task

Verbal fluency, Lexical access, Semantic knowledge, Self-monitoring

Virtual Morris Water Maze Task

Spatial memory, Encoding, Retrieval, Spatial working memory, Strategy use

Virtual Radial Arm Maze Task

Spatial memory, Spatial working memory, Encoding, Retrieval

Visual Masking Task

Masking, Visual perception, Perceptual awareness, Attentional awareness

Visual Search Task

Selective attention, Feature-based attention, Spatial attention, Visual perception, Object-based attention

Wason Selection Task

Deductive reasoning, Hypothesis testing, Social perception

Weapons Identification Task

Stereotyping, In-group/out-group processing, Face perception, Visual object recognition, Response conflict, Perceptual decision making

Wisconsin Card Sorting Task

Set shifting, Hypothesis testing, Error detection, Categorization, Strategy use

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On this page
  • Task-process links
    • Processes to tasks
      • Associative Learning and Reinforcement (13 tasks)
      • Auditory and Pre-Attentive Deviance Processing (2 tasks)
      • Awareness, Agency, and Metacognition (20 tasks)
      • Cognitive Flexibility and Higher-Order Executive Function (10 tasks)
      • Emotion Perception and Regulation (10 tasks)
      • Face and Object Perception (17 tasks)
      • Implicit and Statistical Learning (6 tasks)
      • Inhibitory Control and Conflict Monitoring (26 tasks)
      • Language Comprehension and Production (13 tasks)
      • Long-Term Memory (21 tasks)
      • Motor Preparation, Timing, and Execution (22 tasks)
      • Perceptual Decision-Making (Evidence Accumulation) (3 tasks)
      • Reasoning and Problem-Solving (13 tasks)
      • Reward Anticipation and Motivation (8 tasks)
      • Selective and Sustained Attention (26 tasks)
      • Short-Term and Working Memory (17 tasks)
      • Social Cognition and Strategic Social Choice (13 tasks)
      • Spatial Cognition and Navigation (4 tasks)
      • Value-Based Decision-Making Under Risk and Uncertainty (10 tasks)
    • Tasks to processes