Metacognition, agency and interoception tasks¶
The participant reports on their own cognition, action or body: confidence in future recall, the perceived time of an action, the sense that a limb or heartbeat is theirs; the correspondence between report and fact is the measure.
This family contains 5 tasks.
Body Ownership Illusion¶
Synchronous multisensory stimulation of a participant’s hidden body part and a visible fake or virtual counterpart induces illusory ownership of the artificial body part; proprioceptive drift, subjective ratings, and threat responses index the strength of the illusion. Engages 3 processesBody ownershipInteroceptive awarenessSelf-referential processing. 7 aliasesRubber Hand IllusionRHIFull Body IllusionBody Transfer IllusionVirtual Hand IllusionEnfacement IllusionMultisensory Body Illusion, 8 variationsClassic Rubber Hand IllusionFull Body Illusion (Body Swap)Virtual Hand / Virtual Body IllusionEnfacement IllusionSomatosensory Rubber Hand IllusionKinesthetic Mirror IllusionThreat Response ParadigmIncongruent Object Control.
Feeling-of-Knowing¶
After failing to recall a studied item, participants rate the likelihood they could recognize the answer; the accuracy of these predictions (gamma correlation with recognition) indexes metacognitive monitoring of unretrieved memory. Engages 4 processesFeeling of knowingMetacognitive monitoringRetrievalFamiliarity. 3 aliasesFOK TaskFeeling-of-Knowing JudgmentHart FOK Paradigm, 5 variationsEpisodic Feeling-of-KnowingSemantic / General-Knowledge Feeling-of-KnowingCue-Only vs. Cue-Target ParadigmTip-of-the-Tongue VariantFeeling-of-Knowing with Feedback.
Heartbeat Detection¶
Participants count or discriminate their own heartbeats without external feedback; the correspondence between perceived and actual heartbeat counts (or discrimination accuracy) indexes interoceptive sensitivity. Engages 3 processesInteroceptive awarenessSelf-monitoringMetacognitive monitoring. 6 aliasesHeartbeat Counting TaskHeartbeat Perception TaskHeartbeat Tracking TaskSchandry TaskCardiac Interoceptive Accuracy TaskWhitehead Heartbeat Discrimination Task, 5 variationsHeartbeat Counting (Schandry)Heartbeat Discrimination (Whitehead)Confidence-Accuracy ParadigmInteroceptive Attention ManipulationRespiratory Interoception Variant.
Intentional Binding¶
Participants judge the perceived time of a voluntary action and/or its sensory effect using a Libet clock; the temporal compression between action and effect (intentional binding) indexes the implicit sense of agency. Engages 3 processesSense of agencyMotor planningMetacognitive monitoring. 4 aliasesTemporal Binding TaskAction-Effect Binding TaskLibet Clock Binding TaskInterval Estimation Agency Task, 7 variationsLibet Clock Method (Standard)Interval Estimation MethodInvoluntary Action Control (TMS)Outcome Probability ManipulationCausal Belief ManipulationSocial Intentional BindingOutcome Valence Manipulation.
Judgment-of-Learning¶
After studying each item, participants predict the likelihood they will recall it on a later test; calibration and resolution of these predictions index metacognitive monitoring of encoding. Engages 4 processesJudgment of learningMetacognitive monitoringMetacognitive controlEncoding. 3 aliasesJOL TaskJudgment-of-Learning ParadigmMetacognitive Prediction Task, 6 variationsImmediate Judgment-of-LearningDelayed Judgment-of-LearningAggregate vs. Item-by-Item JudgmentsCue-Only vs. Cue-Target Delayed JudgmentSelf-Regulated Study ParadigmPre-Study Judgment (Ease-of-Learning).