Dimension mapping¶

CogPO describes an experimental condition along three dimensions with closed vocabularies: the stimulus (its modality, kind and role), the response (the body part and the kind of overt act) and the instructions. This page maps every value of those six vocabularies to the HED schema tag that expresses it, in HED 8.4.0, and records where HED has no such tag. It is the value-level companion of HED vs CogPO, as the task mapping page is of The Catalog vs CogPO.

The source of record is data/facet_defs.tsv, which also holds the values the Catalog would add if it adopts these vocabularies as facets; see the section on facets below.

How the table was built¶

Each CogPO value was kept with its CogPO definition and identifier, and given the HED 8.4.0 tag or tags that express it. Where HED has the same concept under the same or an equivalent name the note says “Exact tag”; where it has only a parent or a neighbour the note names it; where it has nothing the tag column is empty and the note says why.

Two kinds of value were added, against the day the vocabularies become facets. From HED: roles and instructions that HED has, CogPO lacks and the Catalog’s tasks would need, such as the distractor, cue, oddball, stop-signal and prime roles and the judge, recognize, predict, plan and switch-attention instructions. By the Catalog: values neither resource has, such as monetary amounts and playing cards as stimuli, rating as a response, and choose, withhold and navigate as instructions. Every row’s source column says which, so the CogPO-to-HED mapping can be read on its own by ignoring the rest.

Nothing was dropped from CogPO’s vocabularies. The values that are out of the Catalog’s scope, acupuncture, TMS, infusion, micturition, stay in the tables so that the correspondence is complete.

Facet	Values	From CogPO	Added from HED	Added by the Catalog	CogPO values with a HED tag	of which an exact tag
Stimulus modality	10	10	0	0	9	5
Stimulus kind	46	41	0	5	31	12
Stimulus role	12	4	8	0	4	4
Response modality	11	10	0	1	10	8
Response kind	23	18	0	5	15	11
Instructions	32	19	8	5	19	18

Of the 102 CogPO dimension values, 88 have a HED 8.4.0 tag and 58 of those are an exact tag, the same concept under the same or an equivalent name; the rest have a nearest parent tag or none.

Stimulus modality¶

CogPO’s six modalities map one to one onto HED’s Sensory-presentation tags, and its four tactile subtypes onto a presentation tag plus a Tactile-attribute or Somatic-attribute. The one gap is interoception, which HED 8.4.0 does not name.

Value	Label	CogPO term	Definition	HED 8.4.0 tags	HED note	Source
`visual`	Visual	COGPO_00132	The sensory modality that pertains to the sense of sight.	Visual-presentation	Exact tag.	CogPO (OWL)
`auditory`	Auditory	COGPO_00125	The sensory modality that pertains to the sense of hearing.	Auditory-presentation	Exact tag.	CogPO (OWL)
`tactile`	Tactile	COGPO_00131	The sensory modality pertaining to the sense of contact via the skin with external objects.	Tactile-presentation	Exact tag.	CogPO (OWL)
`olfactory`	Olfactory	COGPO_00130	The sensory modality pertaining to the sense of smell.	Olfactory-presentation	Exact tag.	CogPO (OWL)
`gustatory`	Gustatory	COGPO_00123	The sensory modality pertaining to the sense of taste or flavor.	Gustatory-presentation	Exact tag.	CogPO (OWL)
`interoceptive`	Interoceptive	COGPO_00128	The sensory modality that pertains to the sense of interoception, or internal sensations.	(none)	HED 8.4.0 has Somatic-presentation and Vestibular-presentation but no interoceptive presentation tag.	CogPO (OWL)
`electrical`	Electrical	COGPO_00127	The sensory modality that pertains to the sense of electric shock; a subtype of tactile in CogPO.	Somatic-presentation	Nearest tag; HED has no electrical modality.	CogPO (OWL)
`pain`	Pain	COGPO_00126	The subtype of tactile modality that pertains to the sense of pain.	Somatic-presentation, Pain	Pain is a Somatic-attribute, so it qualifies the presentation rather than naming a modality.	CogPO (OWL)
`pressure`	Pressure	COGPO_00129	The tactile modality that pertains to the sense of non-painful touch.	Tactile-presentation, Tactile-pressure	Tactile-pressure is a Tactile-attribute.	CogPO (OWL)
`thermal`	Thermal	COGPO_00133	The sensory modality that pertains to the sense of heat applied to the skin.	Tactile-presentation, Tactile-temperature	Tactile-temperature is a Tactile-attribute.	CogPO (OWL)

Stimulus kind¶

CogPO’s 41 explicit stimuli are the widest vocabulary and the one where HED’s coverage is most uneven. Language items (Word, Pseudoword, Syllable, Character), sounds (Tone, Click, Signal-noise, Musical-sound, Vocalized-sound), faces, images and geometric objects (Dots, Pattern, 2D-shape) are all present. HED has no item for a digit or a number, for food, an odor or a puff of air, for speech as a stimulus, or for the physiological stimuli (electrical, thermal, laser, infusion, TMS). Note also that HED’s Letter is a piece of correspondence, so an alphabetic letter is a Character.

Value	Label	CogPO term	Definition	HED 8.4.0 tags	HED note	Source
`three_dimensional_objects`	3D objects	3D Objects	An object with height, width, length and mass given to the participant to hold.	3D-shape	Nearest tag; HED’s 3D-shape is a geometric object, and a real handheld object has no closer item.	CogPO (OWL)
`abstract_patterns`	Abstract patterns	Abstract Patterns	Complex, abstract, geometrical patterns.	Pattern	Exact tag (Geometric-object/Pattern).	CogPO (OWL)
`acupuncture`	Acupuncture	COGPO_00152	Piercing of specific body areas with fine needles.	(none)	No HED item; out of the Catalog’s scope in any case.	CogPO (OWL)
`asian_characters`	Asian characters	Asian Characters	Logograms taken from an Asian language such as Chinese, Japanese or Korean.	Character	HED’s Character is any written character and does not distinguish scripts.	CogPO (OWL)
`braille_dots`	Braille dots	Braille Dots	Combinations of tangible dots representing letters or characters, read by touch.	Braille	Exact tag (Media/Visualization/Braille).	CogPO (OWL)
`breathable_gas`	Breathable gas	Breathable Gas	A stimulus consisting of a breathable gaseous material.	(none)	No HED item.	CogPO (OWL)
`chord_sequences`	Chord sequences	Chord Sequences	A three-note chord accompaniment (major triads, dominant sevenths and so on).	Musical-sound	Nearest tag; HED has no chord item.	CogPO (OWL)
`clicks`	Clicks	COGPO_00153	Repeated ticking sounds made by a mechanical or electrical instrument at a given frequency.	Click	Exact tag (Named-object-sound/Click).	CogPO (OWL)
`digits`	Digits	COGPO_00162	Any of the Arabic figures 1 through 9 and 0.	Character	Nearest tag; HED has no digit item. The numeric value itself is a data value, not an item.	CogPO (OWL)
`electrical_stimulation`	Electrical stimulation	Electrical Stimulation	A stimulus applied to the skin or muscle using a current pulse (OWL label: Electronic Stimulations).	(none)	No HED item; Somatic-presentation names the modality only.	CogPO (OWL)
`eye_puffs`	Eye puffs	Eye Puffs	A puff of air delivered to the eye.	(none)	No HED item; Tactile-presentation names the modality only.	CogPO (OWL)
`faces`	Faces	COGPO_00154	A representation of the front of the human head, from forehead to chin.	Face	Exact tag (Body-part/Head-part/Face).	CogPO (OWL)
`false_fonts`	False fonts	False Fonts	Letter-like meaningless signs.	Glyph	Nearest tag.	CogPO (OWL)
`film_clips`	Film clips	Film Clip	Audiovisual presentation of a motion-picture film.	Video-clip, Movie	Video-clip is the media clip; Movie the work it comes from.	CogPO (OWL)
`fixation_point`	Fixation point	Fixation Point	A point or crosshair on which to fixate attention.	Cross	HED has no fixation-point item; the usual annotation is a Cross with the Fixate action.	CogPO (OWL)
`flashing_checkerboard`	Flashing checkerboard	Flashing Checkerboard	Contrast-reversed checkerboards oscillating at a specified frequency, generally black and white.	Pattern	Nearest tag; no checkerboard item. Luminance-contrast can carry the reversal.	CogPO (OWL)
`food`	Food	COGPO_00157	Any nourishing substance that is eaten, drunk or otherwise ingested.	(none)	No HED item; Gustatory-presentation names the modality only.	CogPO (OWL)
`fractals`	Fractals	COGPO_00160	A complex geometric pattern exhibiting self-similarity.	Pattern	Nearest tag; HED’s Fractal is a data-variability attribute, not an item.	CogPO (OWL)
`heat`	Heat	COGPO_00159	Stimuli which create the sensation of warmth or hotness.	Tactile-temperature	An attribute rather than an item.	CogPO (OWL)
`infrared_laser`	Infrared laser	Infrared Laser	A laser stimulus emitting near-infrared radiation.	(none)	No HED item.	CogPO (OWL)
`infusion`	Infusion	COGPO_00158	The introduction of a liquid solution such as saline into a vein.	(none)	No HED item.	CogPO (OWL)
`letters`	Letters	COGPO_00163	A symbol or character used in writing to represent a speech sound and part of an alphabet.	Character	HED’s Letter is a document (correspondence), so Character is the tag for an alphabetic letter.	CogPO (OWL)
`music`	Music	COGPO_00156	Organized tones or sounds in melody or harmony, from voices or instruments.	Musical-sound	Exact tag.	CogPO (OWL)
`noise`	Noise	COGPO_00161	A group of sounds with a broad distribution of intensities across a wide range of frequencies.	Signal-noise	Exact tag (Environmental-sound/Signal-noise).	CogPO (OWL)
`nonverbal_vocal_sounds`	Nonverbal vocal sounds	Nonverbal Vocal Sounds	Non-word human vocalizations such as sighing, crying, screams or laughter.	Vocalized-sound	Exact tag.	CogPO (OWL)
`nonvocal_sounds`	Nonvocal sounds	Nonvocal Sounds	Sounds produced by animals, machines, nature or objects.	Environmental-sound	Named-animal-sound and Named-object-sound are its children.	CogPO (OWL)
`odor`	Odor	COGPO_00167	A sensation perceived by the sense of smell; a scent.	(none)	No HED item; Olfactory-presentation names the modality only.	CogPO (OWL)
`pain`	Pain	COGPO_00165	A physically distressing sensation in a particular part of the body (wiki label: Painful Stimulation).	Pain	A Somatic-attribute rather than an item.	CogPO (OWL)
`pictures`	Pictures	COGPO_00172	A representation or image painted, drawn, photographed or otherwise rendered on a flat surface.	Image	Photograph, Drawing, Painting and Cartoon are its children.	CogPO (OWL)
`points_of_light`	Points of light	Points of Light	One or more points of light that do not create a sense of shape.	Dots	Nearest tag; Point-light-visualization is the tag for biological-motion displays.	CogPO (OWL)
`pseudowords`	Pseudowords	Pseudowords	Groups of letters that are meaningless as words.	Pseudoword	Exact tag.	CogPO (OWL)
`random_dots`	Random dots	Random Dots	A group of many dots, often moving in random or synchronous patterns.	Dots	Exact tag (Geometric-object/Dots).	CogPO (OWL)
`reversed_speech`	Reversed speech	Reversed Speech	Spoken words or sentences recorded and then played in reverse.	Vocalized-sound	Nearest tag; HED has no speech item.	CogPO (OWL)
`shapes`	Shapes	COGPO_00168	A distinct body characterized by an outline of specific form or figure.	2D-shape	Circle, Square, Triangle and the rest are its children; 3D-shape for solids.	CogPO (OWL)
`syllables`	Syllables	COGPO_00171	A unit of spoken language consisting of a single uninterrupted sound.	Syllable	Exact tag.	CogPO (OWL)
`symbols`	Symbols	COGPO_00170	An arbitrary written or printed sign that conveys meaning, such as a plus sign, arrow or asterisk.	Glyph, Arrow	Arrow is a Geometric-object; other symbols are glyphs.	CogPO (OWL)
`tactile_stimulation`	Tactile stimulation	Tactile Stimulation	A class of stimuli perceptible by the sense of touch.	(none)	No HED item; Tactile-presentation names the modality only.	CogPO (OWL)
`tms`	TMS	COGPO_00166	Transcranial magnetic stimulation.	(none)	No HED item; out of the Catalog’s scope in any case.	CogPO (OWL)
`tones`	Tones	COGPO_00164	One or more musical sounds that individually have a single frequency.	Tone	Exact tag.	CogPO (OWL)
`vibratory_stimulation`	Vibratory stimulation	Vibratory Stimulation	A tactile stimulus that oscillates rhythmically at a given high frequency.	Tactile-vibration	An attribute rather than an item.	CogPO (OWL)
`words`	Words	COGPO_00169	A sound or combination of sounds, or its written representation, that communicates a meaning.	Word	Exact tag.	CogPO (OWL)
`sentences`	Sentences	-	A grammatical sentence or phrase presented in writing or speech.	Sentence	Exact tag. Added for the Catalog’s language tasks (Sentence Comprehension, Self-Paced Reading).	Catalog addition
`scenes`	Scenes	-	A photograph or rendering of a natural or built scene.	Photograph	Nearest tag. Added for scene-memory and affective-picture tasks.	Catalog addition
`monetary_amounts`	Monetary amounts	-	A sum of money offered, won or lost, shown as a number or a symbol.	(none)	No HED item in 8.4.0. Added for the Catalog’s reward and economic tasks.	Catalog addition
`playing_cards`	Playing cards	-	Cards or card-like stimuli sorted, chosen or drawn from decks.	(none)	No HED item. Added for Wisconsin Card Sorting, Iowa Gambling and Wason Selection.	Catalog addition
`virtual_environment`	Virtual environment	-	A navigable rendered environment presented on a screen or in a headset.	Screen-window, Head-mounted-display	Devices only; HED has no environment item. Added for the virtual maze tasks.	Catalog addition

Stimulus role¶

CogPO’s four roles exist only on its wiki; the OWL class has no members. All four are HED tags. HED’s Task-stimulus-role vocabulary is much richer, and eight more of its values are listed as Catalog candidates.

Value	Label	CogPO term	Definition	HED 8.4.0 tags	HED note	Source
`target`	Target	Target	A stimulus that is to be attended to, responded to and distinguished from competing stimuli.	Target	Exact tag (Task-stimulus-role/Target).	CogPO (wiki only)
`non_target`	Non-target	Non-Target	A stimulus that serves the role of a non-target.	Non-target	Exact tag.	CogPO (wiki only)
`feedback`	Feedback	Feedback	A stimulus providing knowledge of the performance or results of a previous behavior.	Feedback	Exact tag (Task-event-role/Feedback).	CogPO (wiki only)
`reward`	Reward	Reward	A stimulus that reinforces a desired response.	Reward	Exact tag (Task-stimulus-role/Reward).	CogPO (wiki only)
`distractor`	Distractor	-	A stimulus presented to draw attention away from the target.	Distractor	From HED’s Task-stimulus-role vocabulary; CogPO has no distractor role.	HED schema
`cue`	Cue	-	A stimulus that signals what is to come or what to do next.	Cue	From HED’s Task-event-role vocabulary.	HED schema
`oddball`	Oddball	-	An infrequent stimulus differing from the frequent standard.	Oddball	From HED’s Task-stimulus-role vocabulary.	HED schema
`penalty`	Penalty	-	A stimulus that signals a loss or punishment.	Penalty	From HED’s Task-stimulus-role vocabulary.	HED schema
`go_signal`	Go signal	-	A stimulus that instructs the participant to respond.	Go-signal	From HED’s Task-stimulus-role vocabulary.	HED schema
`stop_signal`	Stop signal	-	A stimulus that instructs the participant to withhold a response already under way.	Stop-signal	From HED’s Task-stimulus-role vocabulary.	HED schema
`prime`	Prime	-	A stimulus presented to influence the processing of a following stimulus.	Priming	From HED’s Task-stimulus-role vocabulary.	HED schema
`novel`	Novel	-	A stimulus not previously presented.	Novel	From HED’s Task-stimulus-role vocabulary.	HED schema

Response modality¶

CogPO’s body parts are Foundational Model of Anatomy classes with no label in the OWL; the labels here were checked against the FMA through the EBI Ontology Lookup Service. HED’s Body-part subtree has every one except arm and leg, for which the parent Upper-extremity or Lower-extremity stands in.

Value	Label	CogPO term	Definition	HED 8.4.0 tags	HED note	Source
`hand`	Hand	FMA_9712	Response made with the hand.	Hand	Exact tag (Body-part/Upper-extremity-part/Hand).	CogPO (OWL)
`foot`	Foot	FMA_9664	Response made with the foot.	Foot	Exact tag.	CogPO (OWL)
`mouth`	Mouth	FMA_49184	Response made with the mouth.	Mouth	Exact tag.	CogPO (OWL)
`face`	Face	FMA_24728	Response made with the face.	Face	Exact tag.	CogPO (OWL)
`arm`	Arm	FMA_24890	Response made with the arm.	Upper-extremity	HED has Upper-arm and Forearm but no Arm; Upper-extremity is the parent.	CogPO (OWL)
`leg`	Leg	FMA_24979	Response made with the leg.	Lower-extremity	HED has Upper-leg and Lower-leg but no Leg; Lower-extremity is the parent.	CogPO (OWL)
`shoulder`	Shoulder	FMA_25202	Response made with the shoulder.	Shoulder	Exact tag.	CogPO (OWL)
`pelvis`	Pelvis	FMA_9578	Response made with the pelvis.	Pelvis	Exact tag.	CogPO (OWL)
`eye`	Eye	Eye	Response made with the eyes.	Eye	Exact tag. On the CogPO wiki; not among the OWL’s FMA classes.	CogPO (wiki only)
`torso`	Torso	Torso	Response made with the torso.	Torso	Exact tag. On the CogPO wiki; not among the OWL’s FMA classes.	CogPO (wiki only)
`finger`	Finger	-	Response made with one or more fingers.	Finger	Exact tag. Added because the Catalog’s manual tasks are mostly finger responses.	Catalog addition

Response kind¶

HED’s Action subtree covers the common responses directly (Press, Saccade, Blink, Speak, Point, Grasp, Write, Swallow, Hold-breath, Smile, Whistle). A button press is two tags, the action Press and the device pressed (Push-button, Keyboard-key or Mouse-button), which is why three device-specific values are listed beside CogPO’s single Button Press. HED has no tap, draw or drink action, and a rating is a Participant-response carrying a value rather than an action of its own.

Value	Label	CogPO term	Definition	HED 8.4.0 tags	HED note	Source
`button_press`	Button press	Button Press	To press a button or buttons with the hand or foot.	(Press, Push-button)	Press is the action; Push-button, Keyboard-key or Mouse-button the device pressed.	CogPO (OWL)
`saccade`	Saccade	COGPO_00142	A rapid eye movement from one fixation point to another.	Saccade	Exact tag (Move-eyes/Saccade).	CogPO (OWL)
`blink`	Blink	COGPO_00137	To open and close the eye.	Blink	Exact tag.	CogPO (OWL)
`speech`	Speech	COGPO_00149	Oral communication; something spoken.	Speak	Exact tag (Communicate-vocally/Speak).	CogPO (OWL)
`finger_tapping`	Finger tapping	Finger Tapping	Repetitive adduction and abduction of one or more fingers or thumbs.	(Press, Finger)	Nearest tags; HED has no tap action.	CogPO (OWL)
`point`	Point	COGPO_00145	To direct the finger at, to or upon something.	Point	Exact tag.	CogPO (OWL)
`grasp`	Grasp	Grasp	To seize and hold by clasping with the fingers.	Grasp	Exact tag.	CogPO (OWL)
`manipulate`	Manipulate	COGPO_00146	To handle or use skillfully in a process or action.	Move-upper-extremity	Nearest parent; HED has Touch, Hold-down, Lift and Reach as children.	CogPO (OWL)
`draw`	Draw	COGPO_00139	To compose or create a picture in lines.	(none)	No HED action; Drawing exists only as an Image item.	CogPO (OWL)
`write`	Write	COGPO_00143	To trace or form characters, letters or words on a surface.	Write	Exact tag (Perform/Write).	CogPO (OWL)
`drink`	Drink	COGPO_00141	To take liquid into the mouth and swallow it.	(none)	No HED action; Swallow is the nearest.	CogPO (OWL)
`swallow`	Swallow	COGPO_00144	To take into the stomach through the throat by voluntary muscular action.	Swallow	Exact tag.	CogPO (OWL)
`breath_hold`	Breath hold	COGPO_00138	Suspension of external breathing.	Hold-breath	Exact tag (Breathe/Hold-breath).	CogPO (OWL)
`breathe`	Breathe	Breathe Response	To breathe normally.	Breathe	Exact tag.	CogPO (wiki only)
`flexion_or_extension`	Flexion or extension	COGPO_00140	Repetitive adduction and abduction of a body part other than the fingers and thumbs (OWL label: Extension).	Flex, Move-body-part	Flex is under Move-body; Move-body-part covers the limb.	CogPO (OWL)
`micturate`	Micturate	COGPO_00150	To pass urine.	(none)	No HED action; out of the Catalog’s scope in any case.	CogPO (OWL)
`smile`	Smile	COGPO_00148	To assume a facial expression with the corners of the mouth turned up.	Smile	Exact tag (Communicate-gesturally/Smile).	CogPO (OWL)
`whistle`	Whistle	COGPO_00147	To make a clear musical sound by expelling breath through the lips.	Whistle	Exact tag.	CogPO (OWL)
`key_press`	Key press	-	To press a key on a keyboard or keypad.	(Press, Keyboard-key)	Added: the Catalog’s commonest response device; CogPO folds it into Button Press.	Catalog addition
`mouse_click`	Mouse click	-	To press a button on a computer mouse.	(Press, Mouse-button)	Added for choice and rating tasks run on a computer.	Catalog addition
`touchscreen_tap`	Touchscreen tap	-	To touch a location on a touchscreen.	(Touch, Touchscreen)	Added for tablet-administered tasks.	Catalog addition
`rating`	Rating	-	To report a value on a scale, by any device.	(none)	No HED action; the response is a Participant-response event carrying a value.	Catalog addition
`no_response`	No response	-	The participant makes no overt response (passive viewing, listening or rest).	Passive	Agent-cognitive-state/Passive describes the participant; there is no response event.	Catalog addition

Instructions¶

CogPO’s instruction verbs are almost all HED Think or Perform actions (Attend-to, Count, Detect, Discriminate, Encode, Generate, Imagine, Recall, Track, Read, Repeat, Rest). Name is the exception: HED has Identify for the judgement and Speak for the response but no naming action. HED’s Think vocabulary is larger than CogPO’s and supplies eight instructions the Catalog’s tasks would need; five more (choose, rate, withhold, navigate, play) are Catalog candidates, and only play has a HED tag.

Value	Label	CogPO term	Definition	HED 8.4.0 tags	HED note	Source
`attend`	Attend	COGPO_00027	To pay attention; to listen or watch attentively.	Attend-to	Exact tag (Think/Attend-to). Task-attentional-demand tags qualify the kind of attention.	CogPO (OWL)
`count`	Count	COGPO_00017	The act of counting, enumerating or calculating.	Count	Exact tag.	CogPO (OWL)
`detect`	Detect	COGPO_00022	To discover the existence of; to identify that a specific event has occurred.	Detect	Exact tag.	CogPO (OWL)
`discriminate`	Discriminate	COGPO_00025	To make a distinction between; to differentiate.	Discriminate	Exact tag.	CogPO (OWL)
`encode`	Encode	COGPO_00031	To store a stimulus into memory for later retrieval.	Encode	Exact tag; Memorize is the deliberate form.	CogPO (OWL)
`fixate`	Fixate	COGPO_00029	To focus the eyes or attention on.	Fixate	Exact tag (Move-eyes/Fixate).	CogPO (OWL)
`generate`	Generate	COGPO_00033	To produce or specify by application of a rule, such as naming as many animals as possible.	Generate	Exact tag.	CogPO (OWL)
`imagine`	Imagine	COGPO_00018	To form mental images of things not present to the senses.	Imagine	Exact tag; Imagined-action is the task-action-type for imagined movement.	CogPO (OWL)
`move`	Move	COGPO_00026	To execute an action involving a body part.	Move	Exact tag.	CogPO (OWL)
`name`	Name	COGPO_00021	To identify by name; to generate the name of the stimulus.	Identify	Nearest tag; HED has no Name action. The response is Speak.	CogPO (OWL)
`read`	Read	COGPO_00019	To utter aloud or render in speech written or printed words.	Read	Exact tag (Perform/Read).	CogPO (OWL)
`recall`	Recall	COGPO_00020	To bring back from memory; to remember.	Recall	Exact tag.	CogPO (OWL)
`repeat`	Repeat	COGPO_00032	To say something again.	Repeat	Exact tag (Perform/Repeat).	CogPO (OWL)
`rest`	Rest	COGPO_00024	To become or remain inactive.	Rest	Exact tag (Perform/Rest); Resting is the agent state.	CogPO (OWL)
`sing`	Sing	COGPO_00034	To utter words or sounds with musical modulation of the voice.	Sing	Exact tag.	CogPO (OWL)
`smile`	Smile	COGPO_00030	To assume a smiling facial expression.	Smile	Exact tag.	CogPO (OWL)
`track`	Track	COGPO_00023	To observe or follow the course or progress of.	Track	Exact tag.	CogPO (OWL)
`breath_hold`	Breath hold	Breath-Hold Instructions	To hold one’s breath.	Hold-breath	Exact tag.	CogPO (wiki only)
`breathe`	Breathe	Breathe Instructions	To breathe normally.	Breathe	Exact tag.	CogPO (wiki only)
`judge`	Judge	-	To form an opinion or estimate about a stimulus, such as its valence, size or truth.	Judge	From HED’s Think vocabulary; CogPO folds judgements into Discriminate.	HED schema
`recognize`	Recognize	-	To decide whether a stimulus was encountered before.	Recognize	From HED’s Think vocabulary; CogPO uses Recall for recognition tests too.	HED schema
`respond`	Respond	-	To make the response the task calls for.	Respond	From HED’s Think vocabulary.	HED schema
`predict`	Predict	-	To state what will happen next.	Predict	From HED’s Think vocabulary; needed for the Catalog’s learning tasks.	HED schema
`plan`	Plan	-	To work out a sequence of moves before acting.	Plan	From HED’s Think vocabulary; needed for Tower of London.	HED schema
`learn`	Learn	-	To acquire a rule, sequence or association over trials.	Learn	From HED’s Think vocabulary.	HED schema
`identify`	Identify	-	To say what a stimulus is.	Identify	From HED’s Think vocabulary.	HED schema
`switch_attention`	Switch attention	-	To move attention between tasks, locations or features.	Switch-attention	From HED’s Think vocabulary; needed for Task Switching.	HED schema
`choose`	Choose	-	To select one of several offered options.	Judge	Nearest tag; HED 8.4.0 has no choose or decide action. Added for the Catalog’s decision and economic tasks.	Catalog addition
`rate`	Rate	-	To report a value on a scale.	(none)	No HED action. Added for the Catalog’s rating tasks.	Catalog addition
`withhold`	Withhold	-	To refrain from responding on signal.	(none)	No HED action; Stop-signal and Omitted-action describe the stimulus and the outcome. Added for Go/No-Go and Stop-Signal.	Catalog addition
`navigate`	Navigate	-	To find one’s way to a goal location.	(none)	No HED action. Added for the virtual maze tasks.	Catalog addition
`play`	Play	-	To take part in a game against a partner or the computer.	Play	Exact tag (Perform/Play). Added for the economic games.	Catalog addition

What the tables do not settle¶

Whether the Catalog adopts these vocabularies as facets at all, and if so whether a task record stores the plain value (words, button_press) or the HED tag. The tables keep both so that either choice can be made later without redoing the work. The HED schema version is 8.4.0 throughout, and a schema release that adds a missing item or action changes the tag column, not CogPO’s values.