Tasks by family¶

The 19 task families, each with its scope statement and the tasks filed under it. Every task is in exactly one family. The family pages repeat these entries and add the assignments marked for review. The alphabetical list has the same tasks in name order.

Conflict and interference tasks ¶

A task-relevant feature must be reported while a task-irrelevant feature of the same stimulus or of a distractor pulls toward a competing response; the cost on incongruent trials is the measure.

Emotional Stroop ¶

Color-naming of emotionally valenced words; RT slowing on threat-related words indexes attentional bias to affective content. Engages 5 processesSelective attentionInterference controlEmotion recognitionAttentional captureConflict monitoring. 1 aliasAffective Stroop, 6 variationsThreat-Related Emotional StroopDisorder-Specific VariantsPositive vs. Negative Emotional StroopPictorial Emotional StroopSubliminal Emotional StroopFace-Word Emotional Stroop.

Eriksen Flanker ¶

A central target flanked by congruent or incongruent distractors; RT and error differences index selective attention and conflict resolution. Engages 5 processesInterference controlSelective attentionConflict monitoringResponse conflictResponse selection. 2 aliasesFlankerFlanker Task, 7 variationsArrow Flanker (Standard)Letter FlankerColor FlankerEmotional FlankerNumerical FlankerProportion-Congruent FlankerCombined Flanker + Go/No-Go.

Imitation-Inhibition ¶

Execute an instructed finger movement while observing a congruent or incongruent action performed by another person; the congruency effect (faster responses on congruent trials) indexes automatic imitation and the cost of inhibiting observed-action representations. Engages 3 processesImitationResponse inhibitionSelf-monitoring. 5 aliasesAutomatic Imitation TaskAutomatic ImitationBrass Imitation TaskStimulus-Response Compatibility Imitation TaskAction Observation Compatibility Task, 8 variationsClassic Finger-Lift Paradigm (Brass et al.)Kinematic Paradigm (Kilner Task)Hand Open/Close VariantAnimacy ManipulationGoal-Directed Imitation VariantVocal Stimulus-Response CompatibilityControlled Imitation Task (Reverse)Counter-Imitation Training.

Weapons Identification ¶

Speeded categorization of tools vs weapons primed by faces of varying race; congruence effects index implicit racial bias in perception. Engages 6 processesStereotypingIn-group/out-group processingFace perceptionVisual object recognitionResponse conflictPerceptual decision making. 3 aliasesShooter Bias TaskWeapons TaskPayne Task, 2 variationsFirst-Person Shooter Task (Correll et al., 2002)Weapons Task in Virtual Reality, also filed under 1 other familySocial cognition and social choice tasks.

Also filed here¶

Affective Priming, filed under Emotion elicitation and regulation tasks: Evaluative priming; the congruence structure could argue for conflict and interference
Attention Network, filed under Attentional cueing and orienting tasks: Cueing combined with a flanker; filed by its cue manipulation

Response inhibition and stopping tasks ¶

A prepared or prepotent response must be withheld or cancelled on a minority of trials; commission errors and stopping latency are the measures.

Anti-Saccade ¶

Participants must suppress a prepotent saccade toward a peripheral cue and generate a voluntary saccade to the opposite location; errors and saccade latency index oculomotor inhibition. Engages 6 processesAntisaccadeResponse inhibitionSaccadeExecutive attentionConflict monitoringMotor preparation. 3 aliasesASTAntisaccadeAnti-Saccade, 9 variationsStandard Anti-SaccadeProsaccade (Control Condition)Interleaved Pro/Anti-SaccadeBlocked Pro/Anti-SaccadeGap vs. Overlap ConditionsDelayed Anti-SaccadeEmotional Anti-SaccadeMemory-Guided Anti-SaccadeDouble-Step Anti-Saccade.

Go/No-Go ¶

Responses required to frequent “go” stimuli must be withheld on rare “no-go” stimuli; commission errors and N2/P3 ERPs index response inhibition. Engages 5 processesResponse inhibitionSelective attentionSustained attentionConflict monitoringResponse selection. 3 aliasesGNGGo No-GoGo/No-Go, 9 variationsStandard Go/No-GoEmotional Go/No-GoReward/Punishment Go/No-GoProbabilistic Go/No-GoCued Go/No-GoFlanked Go/No-GoReversal Go/No-GoSaccadic Go/No-GoMulti-Stimulus Go/No-Go.

Stop-Signal ¶

Choice RT task in which an occasional stop signal requires response cancellation; stop-signal reaction time (SSRT) estimates inhibitory latency. Engages 5 processesResponse inhibitionConflict monitoringMotor preparationResponse executionReactive control. 4 aliasesSSTStop TaskStop-SignalStop Signal, 8 variationsStandard SST with Staircase SSDFixed SSD ProcedureStop-Change TaskSelective Stop-SignalProactive vs. Reactive Inhibition ManipulationStop-Signal in Reaching/Saccade TasksContext-Dependent Stop-SignalConditional Stop-Signal.

Sustained Attention to Response ¶

Speeded responses to frequent non-targets with withholding on rare targets; commission errors and RT variability index sustained attention lapses. Engages 5 processesSustained attentionResponse inhibitionMind wanderingSelf-monitoringMetacognitive monitoring. 2 aliasesSARTSustained Attention to Response, 8 variationsStandard SART (Fixed Sequence)Random SARTSART with Thought ProbesPerceptual SARTSustained Attention Task with Response SwitchingSART with Multiple TargetsSustained Attention with Clock TaskChild-Adapted SART, also filed under 1 other familyOddball, vigilance and continuous performance tasks.

Attentional cueing and orienting tasks ¶

A cue precedes a target and predicts its location or identity with some validity; the benefit of valid over invalid cues is the measure.

Attention Network ¶

Identify the direction of a central arrow flanked by congruent or incongruent arrows, preceded by various cue types; RT differences across cue and flanker conditions index three independent attention networks (alerting, orienting, executive). Engages 6 processesAlertingOrientingExecutive attentionSelective attentionInterference controlConflict monitoring. 3 aliasesAttention Network TestANTClinical Screening ANT, 6 variationsStandard ANT (Fan et al., 2002)ANT-I (Callejas et al.)ANT-R (Revised)Lateralized ANT (LANT)Child ANTANT with Emotional Stimuli, also filed under 1 other familyConflict and interference tasks.

Dot-Probe ¶

A pair of cues (often threat/neutral) is followed by a probe at one cue location; RT difference by cue type indexes attentional bias. Engages 5 processesSelective attentionSpatial attentionEmotion recognitionAttentional captureOrienting. 2 aliasesVisual Probe TaskAttentional Probe, 6 variationsStandard Face Dot-ProbeWord Dot-ProbePictorial Dot-ProbeDetection vs. Classification ProbeSubliminal/Masked Dot-ProbePositive Dot-Probe.

Posner Spatial Cueing ¶

A central or peripheral cue indicates the likely target location; RT differences between valid, neutral, and invalid cues index covert spatial orienting. Engages 5 processesSpatial attentionOrientingAttentional captureAttention shiftingSelective attention. 2 aliasesPosner TaskSpatial Cueing Task, 11 variationsExogenous (Peripheral) CueingEndogenous (Central) CueingValid, Invalid, and Neutral Cue ConditionsInhibition of Return (IOR) ParadigmGap vs. Overlap ConditionsDouble-Cue ParadigmPredictive vs. Non-Predictive CuesFeature-Based CueingObject-Based CueingCross-Modal CueingDetection vs. Discrimination Targets.

Visual search and tracking tasks ¶

A target must be found among, or followed through, a field of distractors; search slopes, detection accuracy or tracking capacity are the measures.

Contextual Cueing ¶

Visual search in which some distractor configurations repeat across blocks; faster search on repeated configurations indexes implicit spatial context learning. Engages 4 processesImplicit memorySpatial attentionSelective attentionAssociative learning. 1 aliasCC Task, 6 variationsStandard Visual Search CCConfiguration-Based vs. Association-Based CCSemantic Contextual CueingCross-Modal Contextual CueingDynamic Contextual CueingTransfer of Contextual Cueing, also filed under 1 other familyConditioning, reinforcement and implicit learning tasks.

Multiple Object Tracking ¶

Participants track a subset of identical moving objects among distractors for several seconds; tracking accuracy indexes sustained multifocal attention. Engages 5 processesSelective attentionDivided attentionSustained attentionVisual working memoryObject-based attention. 3 aliasesMOTPylyshyn TrackingMultiple Object Tracking, 7 variationsStandard MOTIdentity-MOT (MIT)3D MOT (NeuroTracker)MOT with OcclusionProbe-Based MOTHierarchical MOTAuditory MOT Analogs.

Useful Field of View ¶

Brief central identification combined with peripheral localization under increasing distractor and divided-attention load; thresholds index processing speed and divided attention. Engages 5 processesDivided attentionSelective attentionSustained attentionVisual perceptionSpatial attention. 2 aliasesUseful Field of ViewUFOV, 4 variationsSubtest 1: Central Processing SpeedSubtest 2: Divided AttentionSubtest 3: Selective AttentionUFOV with Varying Eccentricities.

Visual Search ¶

Detection of a target in a display of distractors; search slopes across set size dissociate feature (parallel) from conjunction (serial) search. Engages 5 processesSelective attentionFeature-based attentionSpatial attentionVisual perceptionObject-based attention. 2 aliasesFeature SearchConjunction Search, 11 variationsFeature Search (Pop-Out)Conjunction SearchSpatial Configuration SearchAbsent Trials and Target-Present/Absent RatioMultiple-Target Search (Foraging)Real-World/Naturalistic SearchGuided Search VariantsAdditional-Singleton ParadigmPreview SearchAdaptive Choice Visual SearchHybrid Search (Visual + Memory).

Also filed here¶

Rapid Serial Visual Presentation, filed under Oddball, vigilance and continuous performance tasks: Targets in a rapid stream; the attentional blink could argue for visual search and tracking

Oddball, vigilance and continuous performance tasks ¶

A long stream of stimuli contains rare targets or deviants; detection, false alarms, response variability or the evoked response to the rare event are the measures.

Continuous Performance ¶

Extended stream of stimuli in which a rare target requires a response; omission and commission errors index sustained attention and response control. Engages 5 processesSustained attentionAlertingResponse inhibitionSelective attentionMind wandering. 4 aliasesCPTCPT-IIAX-CPT variant also separate entryContinuous Performance, 8 variationsX-CPT (Simple)AX-CPT (Context Processing)Identical Pairs CPT (IP-CPT)Gradual-Onset CPT (gradCPT)Auditory CPTConners’ CPT-3TOVA (Test of Variables of Attention)CPT with Emotional Distractors.

Mismatch Negativity ¶

Passive auditory oddball in which rare deviant sounds elicit a negative ERP around 150–250 ms, indexing pre-attentive auditory change detection. Engages 4 processesAuditory perceptionAuditory tone discriminationPitch perceptionAcoustic processing. 3 aliasesMMNMismatch Negativity ParadigmMismatch Negativity, 9 variationsFrequency MMNDuration MMNIntensity MMNLocation/Spatial MMNComplex Pattern MMNMulti-Feature MMN (Optimum)Phoneme/Speech MMNVisual MMN (vMMN)Roving Standard MMN.

Oddball ¶

Sequence of standards with rare deviants or targets; deviants elicit a large positive ERP around 300 ms (P3a/P3b), indexing attention and context updating. Engages 5 processesSelective attentionTemporal attentionAttentional captureSustained attentionWorking memory updating. 3 aliasesP300 TaskAuditory OddballVisual Oddball, 9 variationsTwo-Stimulus Auditory OddballThree-Stimulus Novelty OddballVisual OddballPassive OddballActive Counting vs. Button-Press ResponseDuration Deviance OddballCross-Modal OddballEmotional OddballRoving Paradigm.

Psychomotor Vigilance ¶

Simple reaction to visual or auditory stimuli appearing at random intervals over 5–10 minutes; mean RT, lapses, and false starts index sustained attention. Engages 4 processesSustained attentionAlertingResponse executionMind wandering. 2 aliasesPVTPsychomotor Vigilance, 4 variationsStandard 10-Minute PVTBrief PVT (PVT-B)Palm PVT / Mobile PVTAuditory PVT.

Rapid Serial Visual Presentation ¶

A rapid stream of visual items is presented at a single location (typically 6-20 items/second); participants detect one or more targets among distractors. Target detection accuracy, especially for a second target shortly after a first (attentional blink), indexes temporal attention allocation. Engages 7 processesTemporal attentionSelective attentionSustained attentionCategorizationAttentional awarenessPerceptual awarenessWorking memory updating. 7 aliasesRSVP TaskAttentional Blink TaskAB TaskRSVP Attentional BlinkRSVP Target DetectionRSVP Stream TaskDual-Target RSVP, 13 variationsDual-Target Attentional BlinkSingle-Target RSVPEmotion-Induced BlindnessRapid Scene CategorizationRSVP Image Triage (BCI)Triple-RSVP (Multiple Streams)Whole-Report RSVPRSVP with Task SwitchDetection vs. IdentificationThree-Target VariantCross-Modal Attentional BlinkEmotional Attentional BlinkSpatial Two-Stream RSVP, also filed under 1 other familyVisual search and tracking tasks.

Also filed here¶

Sustained Attention to Response, filed under Response inhibition and stopping tasks: Go/no-go structure with rare withhold targets; also a vigilance measure

Perceptual judgment and psychophysics tasks ¶

A judgment about a sensory stimulus near or below threshold, or a passive presentation designed to isolate a perceptual response; thresholds, accuracy and evoked responses are the measures.

Auditory Masking ¶

Detect, discriminate, or identify a target sound in the presence of a masking sound; threshold shifts between masked and unmasked conditions index frequency selectivity, temporal resolution, and auditory scene analysis. Engages 4 processesAuditory perceptionMaskingSelective attentionPerceptual decision making. 3 aliasesTone-in-Noise DetectionSpeech-in-NoiseEnergetic Masking, 10 variationsSimultaneous maskingForward maskingBackward maskingEnergetic masking (peripheral)Informational masking (central)Comodulation masking release (CMR)Speech-in-noiseTone-in-noise detectionModulation maskingSpatial release from masking.

Biological Motion Perception ¶

Judgment of human action or identity from sparse point-light displays attached to major joints; indexes recognition of biological motion from kinematic cues alone. Engages 5 processesBiological motion perceptionMotion perceptionSocial perceptionVisual perceptionPattern recognition. 3 aliasesPoint-Light DisplaysPoint-Light Walker TaskPLW, 11 variationsIntact Biological MotionScrambled DisplaysInverted DisplaysReversed (Backward) MotionAction RecognitionDetection in NoiseGender/Identity DiscriminationEmotion from Body MotionPartial/Occluded DisplaysComparison with Mechanical MotionFacing Direction Discrimination.

Face Processing ¶

Blocked or event-related presentation of faces vs. objects (or scrambled faces) to localize face-selective cortical regions (FFA, OFA, pSTS). Engages 3 processesFace perceptionVisual object recognitionVisual perception. 2 aliasesFFA LocalizerFace Localizer, 8 variationsFaces vs. Objects Block DesignFaces vs. Scrambled FacesFaces vs. HousesDynamic Face LocalizerUpright vs. Inverted FacesIdentity AdaptationFace Parts (Eyes, Mouth)Familiar vs. Unfamiliar Faces.

Random Dot Kinematogram ¶

A field of moving dots in which a variable fraction move coherently; direction judgments and RT under varying coherence support drift-diffusion modeling of perceptual decisions. Engages 5 processesPerceptual decision makingMotion perceptionSelective attentionResponse selectionVisual perception. 4 aliasesDot MotionRandom Dot KinematogramRDKDot Motion Task, 4 variationsTwo-Alternative Forced Choice (Standard)Free Response vs. Interrogation ProtocolPulse ParadigmMulti-Alternative Motion Discrimination.

Visual Masking ¶

A brief target is rendered invisible or reduced in visibility by a preceding or following mask; variants include metacontrast, paracontrast, pattern, forward, backward, common-onset, and object-substitution masking. Engages 4 processesMaskingVisual perceptionPerceptual awarenessAttentional awareness. 3 aliasesBackward MaskingMetacontrast MaskingPattern Masking, 10 variationsStandard Metacontrast MaskingPhosphene Detection at ThresholdTMS-Evoked Phosphene DetectionObject Substitution MaskingPattern Masking at ThresholdContinuous Flash Suppression ThresholdRhythmic Entrainment + DetectionMasked Priming VariantBackward Masking with Attentional ManipulationAuditory Backward Masking.

Also filed here¶

Cambridge Face Memory, filed under Recall and recognition memory tests: Learn then recognize faces; could be filed under perceptual judgment as a face-processing measure
Mental Rotation, filed under Spatial cognition and navigation tasks: Rotate objects mentally; could be filed under perceptual judgment
Navon, filed under Conflict and interference tasks: Global-local interference; could be filed under perceptual judgment

Short-term and working memory tasks ¶

A small set of items must be held, and sometimes manipulated, over a delay of seconds before a probe or reproduction; span, capacity or set-size effects are the measures.

Change Detection ¶

Brief sample array followed after a blank delay by a probe array; participant reports whether any item changed. Yields visual working memory capacity (K). Engages 4 processesVisual working memoryActive maintenanceSelective attentionEncoding. 2 aliasesLuck-Vogel TaskVWM Capacity Task, 7 variationsStandard Color Change DetectionSingle-Probe Change DetectionOrientation Change DetectionConjunction Change DetectionChange Detection with FilteringContinuous Report / Precision TaskSequential Presentation.

Corsi Block-Tapping ¶

Experimenter taps a sequence on spatially arranged blocks; participant reproduces the sequence forward or backward. Indexes visuospatial short-term and working memory span. Engages 4 processesSpatial working memoryActive maintenanceSpatial memoryManipulation. 3 aliasesCorsiBlock TappingCorsi Span, 7 variationsForward Corsi SpanBackward Corsi SpanComputerized (eCorsi)Supra-Span CorsiWalking Corsi (large-scale)Sequential vs. Simultaneous PresentationCrossed/Uncrossed Paths.

Delayed Match-to-Sample ¶

Sample stimulus followed by a delay and then a probe or choice array; response indicates whether the probe matches the sample. Indexes short-term memory maintenance. Engages 4 processesActive maintenanceRecognitionEncodingVisual working memory. 3 aliasesDMTSDMSDelayed Match-to-Sample, 7 variationsStandard DMTSVariable Delay DMTSMulti-Choice DMTSDMTS with Distraction During DelaySpatial DMTSDMTS with Object Complexity ManipulationDelayed Non-Match-to-Sample (DNMS).

Digit Span ¶

Auditory or visual digit sequences reproduced in forward or backward order; longest correctly reproduced length indexes verbal short-term and working memory span. Engages 5 processesVerbal working memoryRehearsalActive maintenanceManipulationChunking. 3 aliasesDSForward/Backward SpanDigit Span, 11 variationsForward Digit SpanBackward Digit SpanDigit Span Sequencing (WAIS-IV)Letter-Number SequencingAuditory vs. Visual PresentationAdaptive Staircase VersionsSpatial Digit SpanRunning Digit SpanGrouped/Chunked PresentationMatrix SpanSupra-Span Lists.

N-Back ¶

Continuous stream in which each item must be compared to the one n items back; accuracy and RT index working memory updating and monitoring. Engages 5 processesWorking memory updatingActive maintenanceWorking memoryInterference controlResponse selection. 2 aliasesN-BackDual N-Back, 8 variationsVerbal N-BackSpatial N-BackEmotional N-BackDual N-BackFractal/Object N-BackAdaptive N-BackN-Back with LuresAuditory N-Back.

Operation Span ¶

Alternating arithmetic verification and word/letter memory items; complex-span score indexes working memory capacity under processing load. Engages 5 processesWorking memoryActive maintenanceVerbal working memoryDivided attentionInterference control. 3 aliasesOSPANComplex SpanOperation Span, 6 variationsAutomated OSPAN (AOSPAN)Reading Span (RSPAN)Symmetry Span (SYMSPAN)Counting SpanShortened OSPANAdaptive OSPAN.

Sternberg Item Recognition ¶

Short memory set followed by a probe; yes/no judgment of set membership. RT typically scales linearly with set size. Engages 5 processesActive maintenanceRetrievalWorking memoryVerbal working memoryResponse selection. 2 aliasesSternberg Memory ScanningMemory Search Task, 5 variationsVisual SternbergAuditory SternbergCross-Modal SternbergSternberg with Irrelevant ItemsRecent-Probes Sternberg.

Recall and recognition memory tests ¶

A study phase is followed, after minutes or longer, by a test that asks the participant to recall, recognize or attribute studied material; hits, false alarms and their decomposition are the measures.

Autobiographical Memory ¶

Participants retrieve specific personal memories in response to cue words or structured prompts; specificity, detail, and temporal distribution of retrieved episodes index autobiographical memory function. Engages 4 processesAutobiographical memoryRetrievalRecollectionSelf-referential processing. 5 aliasesAutobiographical Memory InterviewAMICue-Word Autobiographical Memory TaskGalton-Crovitz TaskAutobiographical Memory Test, 6 variationsCue-Word Task (Galton-Crovitz)Autobiographical Memory Test (Williams & Broadbent)Autobiographical Memory Interview (Kopelman)Sentence-Cue VariantOdor-Cued Autobiographical MemoryFuture Episodic Simulation.

Cambridge Face Memory ¶

Learn target faces across viewpoints, then identify them among distractors under increasingly difficult conditions (novel viewpoints, visual noise); accuracy indexes face recognition ability and configural face processing. Engages 5 processesFace identity recognitionFace perceptionRecognitionEncodingVisual perception. 4 aliasesCambridge Face Memory TestCFMTCambridge Face TestCambridge Face Memory, 6 variationsCFMT-OriginalCFMT-Australian (CFMT+)CFMT-CarsCFMT-InvertedCambridge Face Perception Test (CFPT)Short-Form CFMT, also filed under 1 other familyPerceptual judgment and psychophysics tasks.

Free Recall ¶

Study of a list of items followed by unaided recall in any order; serial-position curves dissociate primacy and recency. Engages 6 processesRecallEncodingRetrievalEpisodic memorySemantic processingRehearsal. 1 aliasRecall Task, 8 variationsImmediate Free Recall (IFR)Delayed Free Recall (DFR)Continual Distractor Free Recall (CDFR)Final Free RecallCategorized Free RecallRepeated Free RecallDirected Forgetting in Free RecallExternalized Free Recall.

Mnemonic Similarity ¶

Incidental encoding of images followed by a test with old, new, and lure items; discrimination of lures from repetitions indexes pattern separation. Engages 6 processesPattern separationPattern completionRecognitionEncodingEpisodic memoryFamiliarity. 4 aliasesMSTMnemonic Discrimination TaskPattern Separation TaskMnemonic Similarity, 7 variationsStandard Object MSTScene MSTContinuous MSTParametric Similarity ManipulationMST for FacesSpatial MSTShort-Delay vs. Long-Delay MST.

Old/New Recognition Memory ¶

Studied items mixed with new lures at test; hit and false-alarm rates yield d’ and can be decomposed into recollection and familiarity via ROC or remember/know. Engages 6 processesRecognitionRecollectionFamiliarityEncodingRetrievalEpisodic memory. 2 aliasesRecognition Memory TestYes/No Recognition, 7 variationsStandard Old/NewRemember-Know (R/K)Source MemoryAssociative RecognitionForced-Choice RecognitionContinuous RecognitionDRM (Deese-Roediger-McDermott) False Memory Variant.

Paired Associates Learning ¶

Study of cue-target pairs followed by cued recall; proportion recalled indexes associative encoding and retrieval. Engages 5 processesAssociative learningEncodingRetrievalEpisodic memoryDeclarative memory. 3 aliasesPALPaired Associate LearningPaired Associates Learning, 9 variationsVerbal Paired Associates (Cued Recall)Face-Name Paired AssociatesObject-Location PairsCANTAB PALArbitrary vs. Semantically Related PairsCross-Modal Paired AssociatesMulti-Trial Learning CurvesRetroactive/Proactive Interference VariantsIncidental vs. Intentional Encoding.

Remember/Know ¶

Classify recognition hits as ‘remember’ (vivid recollection) or ‘know’ (familiarity without context); proportions index the relative contributions of recollection and familiarity to recognition memory. Engages 5 processesRecollectionFamiliarityRecognitionEpisodic memoryMetacognitive monitoring. 2 aliasesR/K ParadigmRemember-Know, 4 variationsStandard Remember/KnowRemember/Know/Guess (RKG)Remember/Know with Source MemoryAssociative Remember/Know.

Rey Auditory Verbal Learning ¶

Repeated presentation of a 15-word list with immediate free recall over five trials, an interference list, and delayed recall; indexes verbal learning and forgetting. Engages 7 processesEncodingRecallRetrievalVerbal memoryEpisodic memoryProactive interferenceRetroactive interference. 3 aliasesRey Auditory Verbal Learning TestRAVLTRey Verbal Learning, 5 variationsStandard RAVLT (List A × 5 + List B + Recall + Delayed Recall)Recognition TrialShortened RAVLTProactive Interference ParadigmCued Recall Addition.

Source Memory ¶

After studying items presented in distinct contexts (speaker, location, modality, time), participants judge each item’s encoding source; source accuracy dissociates contextual recollection from item familiarity. Engages 5 processesSource memoryRetrievalRecollectionFamiliaritySelf-monitoring. 4 aliasesSource Monitoring TaskReality Monitoring TaskContext Memory TaskSource Judgment Task, 8 variationsVoice Source MonitoringSpatial Source MonitoringTemporal Source MonitoringReality MonitoringInternal Source MonitoringModality Source MonitoringEncoding Task Source MonitoringMulti-Source (3+ Sources).

Memory control and prospective memory tasks ¶

Encoding or retrieval is deliberately shaped by instruction: an item is to be forgotten, suppressed, related to the self, or an intention is to be executed later; the effect on later memory or on intention completion is the measure.

Directed Forgetting ¶

Study-phase cues instruct participants to remember or forget specific items or lists; later memory tests index intentional forgetting. Engages 5 processesDirected forgettingEncodingRetrievalResponse inhibitionMetacognitive control. 3 aliasesDF TaskItem-Method DFList-Method DF, 7 variationsItem-Method Directed ForgettingList-Method Directed ForgettingRecognition vs. Recall TestDirected Forgetting with Source MemoryEmotional Directed ForgettingDirected Forgetting of Actions (SPT)Cumulative Directed Forgetting.

Prospective Memory ¶

Participants perform an ongoing task while remembering to execute a deferred intention when a target event occurs (event-based) or after a time interval (time-based); PM hit rate indexes the ability to remember to remember. Engages 4 processesProspective memorySelf-monitoringRetrievalSet shifting. 5 aliasesEvent-Based Prospective MemoryTime-Based Prospective MemoryPM TaskEinstein-McDaniel ParadigmPMTASK, 6 variationsEvent-Based PM (Focal Cue)Event-Based PM (Non-Focal Cue)Time-Based PMActivity-Based PMMultiple-Intention PMNaturalistic PM.

Self-Referential Encoding ¶

Participants judge whether trait adjectives describe themselves vs. another person or a semantic property; the self-reference effect (superior recall for self-encoded items) and endorsement patterns index self-concept and self-referential processing. Engages 4 processesSelf-referential processingEncodingRetrievalRecollection. 4 aliasesSRETSelf-Reference Effect ParadigmSelf-Referential Processing TaskTrait Adjective Endorsement Task, 6 variationsStandard Trait Adjective EncodingPositive/Negative Valence SplitClose vs. Distant Other-ReferenceIncidental vs. Intentional EncodingEndorsement-Only (No Memory Test)Source Memory for Self-Encoded Items.

Think/No-Think ¶

Cue words are presented with instructions to either retrieve or suppress their learned associate; later memory for suppressed items indexes retrieval-induced forgetting through inhibition. Engages 5 processesDirected forgettingResponse inhibitionRecallMetacognitive controlRetrieval. 2 aliasesTNT TaskThink No-Think, 6 variationsStandard Think/No-Think (TNT)Independent Probe TestTNT with Intrusion ReportingEmotional TNTTNT with Thought SubstitutionDose-Response TNT.

Metacognition, agency and interoception tasks ¶

The participant reports on their own cognition, action or body: confidence in future recall, the perceived time of an action, the sense that a limb or heartbeat is theirs; the correspondence between report and fact is the measure.

Body Ownership Illusion ¶

Synchronous multisensory stimulation of a participant’s hidden body part and a visible fake or virtual counterpart induces illusory ownership of the artificial body part; proprioceptive drift, subjective ratings, and threat responses index the strength of the illusion. Engages 3 processesBody ownershipInteroceptive awarenessSelf-referential processing. 7 aliasesRubber Hand IllusionRHIFull Body IllusionBody Transfer IllusionVirtual Hand IllusionEnfacement IllusionMultisensory Body Illusion, 8 variationsClassic Rubber Hand IllusionFull Body Illusion (Body Swap)Virtual Hand / Virtual Body IllusionEnfacement IllusionSomatosensory Rubber Hand IllusionKinesthetic Mirror IllusionThreat Response ParadigmIncongruent Object Control.

Feeling-of-Knowing ¶

After failing to recall a studied item, participants rate the likelihood they could recognize the answer; the accuracy of these predictions (gamma correlation with recognition) indexes metacognitive monitoring of unretrieved memory. Engages 4 processesFeeling of knowingMetacognitive monitoringRetrievalFamiliarity. 3 aliasesFOK TaskFeeling-of-Knowing JudgmentHart FOK Paradigm, 5 variationsEpisodic Feeling-of-KnowingSemantic / General-Knowledge Feeling-of-KnowingCue-Only vs. Cue-Target ParadigmTip-of-the-Tongue VariantFeeling-of-Knowing with Feedback.

Heartbeat Detection ¶

Participants count or discriminate their own heartbeats without external feedback; the correspondence between perceived and actual heartbeat counts (or discrimination accuracy) indexes interoceptive sensitivity. Engages 3 processesInteroceptive awarenessSelf-monitoringMetacognitive monitoring. 6 aliasesHeartbeat Counting TaskHeartbeat Perception TaskHeartbeat Tracking TaskSchandry TaskCardiac Interoceptive Accuracy TaskWhitehead Heartbeat Discrimination Task, 5 variationsHeartbeat Counting (Schandry)Heartbeat Discrimination (Whitehead)Confidence-Accuracy ParadigmInteroceptive Attention ManipulationRespiratory Interoception Variant.

Intentional Binding ¶

Participants judge the perceived time of a voluntary action and/or its sensory effect using a Libet clock; the temporal compression between action and effect (intentional binding) indexes the implicit sense of agency. Engages 3 processesSense of agencyMotor planningMetacognitive monitoring. 4 aliasesTemporal Binding TaskAction-Effect Binding TaskLibet Clock Binding TaskInterval Estimation Agency Task, 7 variationsLibet Clock Method (Standard)Interval Estimation MethodInvoluntary Action Control (TMS)Outcome Probability ManipulationCausal Belief ManipulationSocial Intentional BindingOutcome Valence Manipulation.

Judgment-of-Learning ¶

After studying each item, participants predict the likelihood they will recall it on a later test; calibration and resolution of these predictions index metacognitive monitoring of encoding. Engages 4 processesJudgment of learningMetacognitive monitoringMetacognitive controlEncoding. 3 aliasesJOL TaskJudgment-of-Learning ParadigmMetacognitive Prediction Task, 6 variationsImmediate Judgment-of-LearningDelayed Judgment-of-LearningAggregate vs. Item-by-Item JudgmentsCue-Only vs. Cue-Target Delayed JudgmentSelf-Regulated Study ParadigmPre-Study Judgment (Ease-of-Learning).

Conditioning, reinforcement and implicit learning tasks ¶

Contingencies between stimuli, actions and outcomes are learned from experience, with or without explicit instruction; learning curves, choice probabilities and perseveration are the measures.

Artificial Grammar Learning ¶

Exposure to letter strings generated by a finite-state grammar followed by a grammaticality judgment on novel strings; indexes implicit rule learning. Engages 4 processesImplicit memoryProcedural memoryPattern recognitionCategorization. 3 aliasesAGLArtificial GrammarArtificial Grammar Learning, 7 variationsStandard AGL (Reber)Transfer VersionChunk Strength ControlProduction TaskSequential AGLHierarchical AGLCross-Modal AGL.

Causal Learning ¶

Participants observe cue-outcome pairings across trials and judge the causal strength of the relationship; judgment profiles across contingency conditions index causal induction and associative learning mechanisms. Engages 4 processesCausal reasoningAssociative learningReward prediction errorProbability judgment. 6 aliasesContingency Judgment TaskContingency Learning TaskCausal Judgment TaskCausal Induction TaskDelta-P TaskAllergy Prediction Task, 8 variationsAllergy Prediction TaskBlocking ParadigmOutcome Density ManipulationTrial-by-Trial PredictionSummary vs. Sequential PresentationMulti-Cause (Relative Validity)Causal Direction ManipulationBackward Blocking / Retrospective Revaluation.

Instrumental Conditioning ¶

Actions are reinforced by contingent outcomes under defined schedules; response rate and choice probability across schedules index instrumental learning. Specific human instantiations include lever/button-press reward paradigms and free-operant tasks. Engages 5 processesInstrumental conditioningReinforcement learningGoal-directed behaviorHabitReward prediction error. 4 aliasesOperant ConditioningInstrumental LearningPITPavlovian-Instrumental Transfer, 11 variationsFixed Ratio (FR)Variable Ratio (VR)Fixed Interval (FI)Variable Interval (VI)Progressive RatioConcurrent ChoiceTwo-Stage Decision Task (Daw)Devaluation ParadigmContingency DegradationOutcome-Specific Pavlovian-Instrumental Transfer (PIT)Avoidance Learning.

Multi-Armed Bandit ¶

Repeated choice among options with unknown or changing reward distributions; choice sequences dissociate exploration from exploitation. Engages 5 processesReinforcement learningValue learningReward prediction errorValue-based decision makingStrategy use. 4 aliasesMABBandit TaskK-Armed BanditMulti-Armed Bandit, 9 variationsTwo-Armed Stationary BanditRestless (Volatile) BanditContextual BanditHorizon Task (Wilson et al.)Four-Armed Bandit with ReversalInformative vs. Non-Informative ExplorationSocial BanditBandit with Effort CostBandit with Partial Observability.

Pavlovian Fear Conditioning ¶

A neutral CS is paired with an aversive US (shock, loud sound); conditioned responses (SCR, startle, amygdala BOLD) index fear learning. Engages 5 processesPavlovian conditioningAssociative learningExtinctionAvoidance motivationEmotion regulation. 3 aliasesFear ConditioningClassical ConditioningFC, 12 variationsDelay ConditioningTrace ConditioningContextual ConditioningDifferential Conditioning (CS+/CS−)Extinction TrainingExtinction RecallRenewal (Context Change)ReinstatementReconsolidation ParadigmGeneralization GradientInstructed vs. UninstructedCompound CS Conditioning.

Probabilistic Classification Learning ¶

Multi-cue probabilistic prediction of a binary outcome with trial-by-trial feedback; learning curves index gradual procedural category learning. Engages 5 processesReinforcement learningAssociative learningCategorizationStrategy useProcedural memory. 4 aliasesWeather PredictionProbabilistic Classification LearningWeather Prediction TaskWPT, 7 variationsStandard Weather Prediction (4 cues, binary outcome)Deterministic VersionVarying Probability LevelsInformation-Integration Category LearningRule-Based Category Learning (comparison)Feedback vs. Observation LearningTransfer Test Variants.

Probabilistic Selection ¶

Learn to choose between stimulus pairs through probabilistic feedback, then select among novel recombinations; choose-A vs. avoid-B accuracy dissociates positive and negative reinforcement learning. Engages 5 processesReinforcement learningReward prediction errorApproach motivationAvoidance motivationValue learning. 5 aliasesPSTProbabilistic Stimulus Selection TaskPSSFrank TaskProbabilistic Selection, 5 variationsStandard PST (3 Stimulus Pairs)Extended Training Versions4-Pair VersionGain-Only and Loss-Only VariantsPST with Volatility.

Reversal Learning ¶

After initial stimulus-reward learning, the contingencies switch; perseveration and reversal speed index behavioral flexibility. Engages 4 processesReversal learningReinforcement learningReward prediction errorSet shifting. 2 aliasesPRLProbabilistic Reversal Learning, 6 variationsDeterministic ReversalProbabilistic ReversalSerial ReversalStimulus-Outcome vs. Action-Outcome ReversalMulti-Dimensional ReversalReward vs. Punishment Reversal.

Serial Reaction Time ¶

Sequential key-press responses to cued locations; RT speedup on repeating vs random sequences indexes implicit sequence learning. Engages 5 processesMotor sequence learningImplicit memoryProcedural memoryMotor preparationResponse execution. 3 aliasesSRTTSerial RTSerial Reaction Time, 7 variationsDeterministic SRTTProbabilistic SRTTAlternating Serial Reaction Time (ASRT)SRTT with Awareness AssessmentSecond-Order Conditional (SOC) SequencesArm-Reaching/Foot-Stepping SRTTCross-Modal SRTT, also filed under 1 other familyMotor performance and speeded response tasks.

Two-Stage Decision ¶

Sequential two-choice task with probabilistic transitions to second-stage states and drifting rewards; choice patterns dissociate model-based from model-free control. Engages 5 processesModel-based learningModel-free learningReinforcement learningReward prediction errorValue-based decision making. 3 aliasesTwo-Step TaskDaw TaskMB/MF Task, 5 variationsStandard Daw et al. (2011) VersionShortened/Simplified VersionsEnhanced Model-Based VersionDevaluation ManipulationTwo-Stage with Instructed Knowledge.

Also filed here¶

Contextual Cueing, filed under Visual search and tracking tasks: Visual search with repeated layouts; the learning could argue for conditioning and implicit learning

Motor performance and speeded response tasks ¶

Movement itself is the object: timing, sequencing, adaptation or speed of a well-specified response; tapping rate, error, completion time and dual-task cost are the measures.

Digit Symbol Substitution ¶

Timed paper-and-pencil or computerized task: substitute digits for symbols (or vice versa) using a visible key; items completed in a fixed interval index processing speed. Engages 5 processesResponse executionSelective attentionAssociative learningWorking memoryVisual perception. 6 aliasesDigit Symbol Substitution TestDSSTSDMTSymbol Digit ModalitiesCoding TestDigit Symbol Substitution, 5 variationsDSST (Digit-to-Symbol; WAIS)SDMT (Symbol-to-Digit; Smith)Oral SDMTComputerized DSST/SDMTPaired-Associate Variant.

Finger Tapping ¶

Repetitive single-finger or sequence tapping at fastest or paced rates; taps-per-interval and tap-timing variability index motor speed and rhythm control. Engages 4 processesFine motor controlMotor timingResponse executionMotor preparation. 3 aliasesFTTTapping TaskFinger Tapping, 7 variationsSelf-Paced TappingAuditorily-Paced TappingVisually-Paced TappingUnimanual vs. BimanualSequential Multi-FingerComplex Rhythmic PatternsContinuation Paradigm.

Mirror Tracing ¶

Tracing of a figure viewed only in a mirror; error and completion time across trials index visuomotor adaptation and procedural learning. Engages 5 processesVisuomotor adaptationFine motor controlProcedural memoryError detectionMotor planning. 3 aliasesMTTMirror DrawingMirror Tracing, 8 variationsStar Tracing (Standard)Circle/Diamond/Complex ShapesComputerized Mirror TracingLeft-Right vs. Up-Down ReversalRotation (Non-Mirror) VariantsPrism Adaptation AnalogDual-Hand Mirror TracingMirror Tracing with Delay.

Motor Sequence Learning ¶

Repeated execution of a fixed finger sequence; within- and across-session speed and accuracy changes index motor skill learning. Engages 5 processesMotor sequence learningProcedural memoryMotor planningFine motor controlConsolidation. 2 aliasesSequence LearningFinger Sequence Task, 8 variationsDiscrete Sequence Production (DSP)Serial Reaction Time Task variantFinger Opposition TaskBimanual CoordinationExplicit vs. Implicit Sequence LearningSequence Complexity ManipulationTransfer TestsContinuous Tracking + Sequence.

Psychological Refractory Period ¶

Two tasks presented with a short SOA; RT for the second task lengthens as SOA shortens, indexing a central response-selection bottleneck. Engages 4 processesDivided attentionResponse selectionResponse executionMotor preparation. 2 aliasesPRPPsychological Refractory Period, 6 variationsStandard Auditory-Visual PRPVisual-Visual PRPVariable SOA DesignPRP with PracticePRP with Ideomotor-Compatible TasksTriple-Task PRP.

Also filed here¶

Serial Reaction Time, filed under Conditioning, reinforcement and implicit learning tasks: Implicit sequence learning through key presses; could be filed under motor performance
Trail Making, filed under Rule use, planning and reasoning tasks: Part B alternates sequences; Part A is a speeded motor task

Rule use, planning and reasoning tasks ¶

A rule must be discovered, applied, switched or used to plan a sequence of moves; switch costs, perseverative errors, solution accuracy and planning time are the measures.

Raven’s Progressive Matrices ¶

Matrix completion items requiring induction of a rule from a 3x3 array of figures; items correct is a standard measure of non-verbal reasoning. Engages 5 processesInductive reasoningAnalogical reasoningPattern recognitionVisual perceptionWorking memory. 5 aliasesRaven’s Progressive Matrices TestRaven’s Progressive MatricesRPMRaven’sProgressive Matrices, 8 variationsStandard Progressive Matrices (SPM)Advanced Progressive Matrices (APM)Colored Progressive Matrices (CPM)Computerized Adaptive VersionMatrix Reasoning (WAIS subtest)Sandia MatricesTime-Limited vs. Untimed AdministrationShortened Versions (15-Item).

Remote Associates ¶

Three cue words linked to a single fourth word; solution rate and solution time index semantic search and insight. Engages 4 processesInsightSemantic processingSemantic knowledgeLexical access. 3 aliasesRemote Associates TestRATRemote Associates, 4 variationsStandard RAT (Mednick)Compound RAT (CRAT)Timed vs. Untimed RATRAT with Hint/Priming, also filed under 1 other familyLanguage comprehension and production tasks.

Task Switching ¶

Alternation between two or more simple tasks on cue; switch-cost RT and errors index task-set reconfiguration. Engages 4 processesSet shiftingGoal maintenanceProactive controlResponse selection. 2 aliasesSet ShiftingAlternating Runs, 10 variationsCued Task-SwitchingAlternating Runs (AABB)Voluntary Task SwitchingMixing Cost ParadigmCue-Stimulus Interval (CSI) ManipulationResponse-Stimulus Interval (RSI) ManipulationTask Switching with N>2 TasksUnivalent vs. Bivalent StimuliPredictable vs. Random Task SequencesTask Switching with Conflict.

Tower of London ¶

Rearrange colored beads on pegs to match a goal state in the minimum number of moves; pre-execution latency and move efficiency index planning. Engages 5 processesPlanningMeans-ends analysisSubgoalingWorking memoryStrategy use. 3 aliasesTOLShallice Tower TaskTower of London, 6 variationsStandard Tower of London (3 pegs, 3 balls)Tower of HanoiTower of London – Drexel (TOL-DX)Tower of London – Freiburg (TOL-F)Computerized vs. Physical VersionsTower with Time Pressure.

Trail Making ¶

Paper-and-pencil sequencing: connect numbered circles (Part A) or alternate numbers and letters (Part B) as fast as possible. B−A difference indexes set switching. Engages 5 processesSelective attentionSet shiftingResponse executionMotor planningWorking memory. 4 aliasesTrail Making TestTMTTrails A/BTrail Making, 6 variationsTMT-A (Number Sequencing)TMT-B (Number-Letter Alternation)Oral Trail Making TestColor Trails TestComprehensive Trail Making Test (CTMT)D-KEFS Trail Making, also filed under 1 other familyMotor performance and speeded response tasks.

Wason Selection ¶

Four cards with letters and numbers under a conditional rule; participants choose cards to turn over to test the rule. Indexes conditional reasoning and content effects. Engages 3 processesDeductive reasoningHypothesis testingSocial perception. 2 aliasesWasonCard Selection Task, 8 variationsAbstract Wason Task (Standard)Thematic/Concrete VersionsSocial Contract VersionsPrecaution RulesDeontic vs. Indicative RulesNegated RulesProbabilistic Selection TaskWason 2-4-6 Task (Related).

Wisconsin Card Sorting ¶

Sort cards by a hidden rule (color, form, or number) using only correct/incorrect feedback; after runs of correct sorts the rule silently switches. Perseverative errors index set-shifting. Engages 5 processesSet shiftingHypothesis testingError detectionCategorizationStrategy use. 3 aliasesWisconsin Card Sorting TestWCSTCard Sorting Task, 7 variationsStandard WCST (128 Cards)Short Form WCST (64 Cards)Modified WCST with Explicit CuesBerg Card Sorting TestIntra-/Extra-Dimensional Set Shifting (IED)Reversal-Only WCSTProbabilistic WCST.

Reward, risk and value-based choice tasks ¶

Options differing in reward magnitude, probability, delay or effort are chosen between, or a cue announces a potential reward before a speeded response; choice curves and anticipatory responses are the measures.

Balloon Analog Risk ¶

Sequential pumping of a virtual balloon for monetary reward with stochastic popping; average pumps per un-popped balloon indexes risk-taking. Engages 5 processesRisk processingValue-based decision makingReward anticipationApproach motivationResponse inhibition. 3 aliasesBARTBalloon TaskBalloon Analog Risk, 7 variationsStandard BART (30 balloons)BART-Y (Youth Version)Variable Explosion ProbabilityHigh-Stakes vs. Low-StakesSocial Context BARTAutomatic BARTBART with Loss Domain.

Delay Discounting ¶

Repeated choices between smaller-sooner and larger-later rewards at varying delays; indifference points estimate a temporal discount function. Engages 5 processesDelay discountingIntertemporal choiceValuationValue-based decision makingResponse inhibition. 2 aliasesTemporal DiscountingDelay of Gratification, 10 variationsAdjusting-Amount MethodAdjusting-Delay Method5-Trial Adjusting DelayFixed-Choice Discrete TrialsMagnitude ManipulationReal vs. Hypothetical RewardsExperiential Discounting TaskGain vs. Loss FramingProbabilistic DiscountingCross-Commodity Discounting.

Effort-Based Decision-Making ¶

Participants choose between a low-effort/low-reward option and a high-effort/high-reward option on each trial; the indifference point indexes effort discounting and motivational willingness to exert effort for reward. Engages 5 processesEffort allocationValuationReward anticipationApproach motivationValue-based decision making. 5 aliasesEEfRTEffort Expenditure for Rewards TaskEffort Discounting TaskEffort-Cost ParadigmEffort Choice Task, 7 variationsEEfRT (Physical Effort)Cognitive Effort DiscountingGrip-Force Effort TaskEffort Discounting TitrationProgressive Ratio TaskDemand Selection TaskApple-Gathering Task.

Iowa Gambling ¶

Repeated choices among four decks with hidden reward and loss distributions; preference shift toward advantageous decks indexes affective decision making. Engages 6 processesValue-based decision makingReinforcement learningRisk processingReward prediction errorApproach motivationEmotion regulation. 2 aliasesIGTIowa Gambling, 6 variationsStandard IGTSoochow Gambling Task (SGT)Child VersionsExtended IGT (150–200 trials)IGT with Explicit ProbabilitiesModified Payoff Variants.

Monetary Incentive Delay ¶

Cue predicts potential monetary gain or loss; speeded target response determines outcome. Striatal activity to cues indexes reward anticipation. Engages 4 processesReward anticipationIncentive salienceApproach motivationResponse execution. 2 aliasesMIDMonetary Incentive Delay, 6 variationsStandard MID (Knutson)Graded Reward MIDMID with Social RewardsMID with Drug CuesPassive MIDMID with Effort Component.

Emotion elicitation and regulation tasks ¶

Affective stimuli are presented to elicit, recognize or regulate an emotional response; ratings, physiological responses and recognition accuracy are the measures.

Affective Picture Viewing ¶

Passive or instructed viewing of emotionally valenced images (IAPS, GAPED, NAPS, OASIS) while physiological, neural, or rating responses to valence and arousal are recorded. Engages 6 processesEmotion recognitionEmotion regulationVisual perceptionSelective attentionApproach motivationAvoidance motivation. 2 aliasesIAPS ViewingPassive Viewing Task, 1 variationCategory-Specific Selection.

Affective Priming ¶

Target evaluation (good/bad) preceded by a briefly presented affective prime; response facilitation on congruent trials indexes automatic evaluation. Engages 5 processesAffective primingEmotion recognitionSemantic processingResponse selectionResponse conflict. 1 aliasEvaluative Priming, 7 variationsEvaluative Decision (Good/Bad)Pronunciation/NamingSubliminal PrimingPicture-Word PrimingFace-Face PrimingCross-Modal Affective PrimingMasked vs. Unmasked Priming, also filed under 1 other familyConflict and interference tasks.

Emotion Regulation ¶

View affective images under instructions to reappraise or passively view; self-reported affect, physiological responses, and neural activity index emotion regulation ability. Engages 5 processesEmotion regulationCognitive reappraisalExpressive suppressionEmotion recognitionExecutive attention. 2 aliasesCognitive Reappraisal TaskER Task, 9 variationsReinterpretation/ReappraisalDistancing/DetachmentDistraction/Attentional DeploymentExpressive SuppressionAcceptance/Mindful AwarenessSituation Selection/ModificationUp-RegulationRegulation of Positive vs. Negative EmotionsImplicit Emotion Regulation.

Facial Emotion Recognition ¶

Identification of an emotion category from a face image; accuracy and RT per emotion index emotion decoding ability. Engages 4 processesEmotion recognitionFace perceptionCategorizationSocial perception. 2 aliasesEkman Faces TaskFacial Emotion Recognition, 8 variationsStatic Ekman Faces (6 basic emotions)Morphed IntensityDynamic ExpressionsMicroexpression DetectionEmotion-in-ContextExpression MatchingCompound ExpressionsDimensional Ratings.

Language comprehension and production tasks ¶

Words, sentences or pictures are read, heard, named or generated; reading time, naming latency, lexical decision speed and fluency counts are the measures.

Lexical Decision ¶

Speeded word/nonword judgment; RT and accuracy index lexical access and are sensitive to frequency, priming, and context. Engages 5 processesLexical accessWord recognitionSemantic processingReadingCategorization. 2 aliasesLDTLexical Decision, 8 variationsStandard Visual LDTAuditory LDTMasked Priming LDTCross-Modal LDTLDT with Different Nonword TypesBilingual LDTLDT MegastudiesGo/No-Go LDT.

Phonological Awareness ¶

Rhyme judgment, phoneme deletion, or phoneme blending tasks index sensitivity to the sound structure of language. Engages 4 processesPhonological awarenessPhonological encodingSpeech perceptionCategorization. 2 aliasesRhyme JudgmentPhoneme Deletion, 11 variationsRhyme DetectionRhyme OddityRhyme ProductionOnset DetectionPhoneme DeletionPhoneme SubstitutionPhoneme SegmentationBlendingSpoonerismsAlliteration DetectionSyllable Awareness Tasks.

Picture Naming ¶

Naming of pictured objects; RT and errors index lexical retrieval and are sensitive to name agreement, frequency, and age of acquisition. Engages 6 processesNamingLexical accessLanguage productionVisual object recognitionSemantic processingSpeech production. 2 aliasesObject NamingConfrontation Naming, 9 variationsStandard Single-Object NamingBlocked-Cyclic NamingContinuous NamingPicture-Word Interference (PWI)Delayed NamingObject + Action NamingBilingual Picture NamingTip-of-the-Tongue (TOT) ParadigmNaming with Phonological/Semantic Cues.

Self-Paced Reading ¶

Participants press a key to reveal each word or phrase of a sentence/passage; reading time per region indexes online processing difficulty and is sensitive to syntactic, semantic, and discourse-level manipulations. Engages 4 processesDiscourse processingSemantic processingLexical accessWord recognition. 5 aliasesMoving-Window Reading TaskWord-by-Word Reading TaskNon-Cumulative Self-Paced ReadingCumulative Self-Paced ReadingPhrase-by-Phrase Reading Task, 6 variationsNon-Cumulative (Moving Window)Cumulative Self-Paced ReadingPhrase-by-Phrase PresentationMaze TaskCross-Modal Self-Paced ListeningPassage-Level Self-Paced Reading.

Semantic Priming ¶

Lexical or semantic decision on targets preceded by semantically related or unrelated primes; RT facilitation indexes automatic semantic activation. Engages 4 processesSemantic processingLexical accessSemantic knowledgeWord recognition. 5 aliasesPrimingAssociative PrimingMorphological PrimingPhonological PrimingOrthographic Priming, 12 variationsShort SOA (< 250 ms)Long SOA (> 500 ms)Masked PrimingRelatedness Proportion ManipulationSemantic Relation TypesMediated PrimingCross-Modal PrimingSentence Context PrimingPicture-Word PrimingMorphological PrimingPhonological PrimingOrthographic Priming.

Sentence Comprehension ¶

Reading or listening to locally ambiguous sentences; reading-time disruptions and offline comprehension indexes syntactic reanalysis. Engages 6 processesSyntactic parsingSentence comprehensionLanguage comprehensionReadingError detectionConflict monitoring. 2 aliasesGarden-Path ReadingSyntactic Ambiguity Task, 7 variationsSelf-Paced Reading (Word-by-Word)Eye-Tracking ReadingMain Verb/Reduced Relative AmbiguityPP-Attachment AmbiguityNP/S AmbiguityTemporarily Ambiguous vs. Unambiguous ControlsSpeed-Accuracy Tradeoff (SAT) Studies.

Verb Generation ¶

Produce a verb associated with each presented noun; indexes lexical-semantic retrieval and inhibition of prepotent responses, with well-known left-prefrontal activation. Engages 5 processesLanguage productionLexical accessSemantic processingResponse selectionSpeech production. 2 aliasesVerb GenVerb Generation, 6 variationsStandard Overt Verb GenerationCovert Verb GenerationHigh vs. Low Selection DemandVerb Generation with PracticeNoun Generation (Reverse)Written Verb Generation.

Verbal Fluency ¶

Generate as many words as possible within a time limit matching a phonemic (letter) or semantic (category) constraint; production count and clustering/switching patterns index executive-lexical retrieval. Engages 4 processesVerbal fluencyLexical accessSemantic knowledgeSelf-monitoring. 7 aliasesFAS TestControlled Oral Word Association TestCOWATLetter FluencyPhonemic FluencyCategory FluencySemantic Fluency, 6 variationsPhonemic / Letter Fluency (FAS)Semantic / Category FluencyAction / Verb FluencySwitching FluencyDesign FluencyExcluded-Letter Fluency.

Also filed here¶

Remote Associates, filed under Rule use, planning and reasoning tasks: Insight problem solving over words; could be filed under language

Spatial cognition and navigation tasks ¶

A location or orientation in space must be learned, imagined or found; path efficiency, rotation cost and spatial errors are the measures.

Mental Rotation ¶

Judgment of whether two rotated objects are identical or mirror images; RT scales linearly with angular disparity, indexing mental rotation. Engages 4 processesMental rotationVisual perceptionSpatial memoryResponse selection. 3 aliasesMRTShepard-Metzler TaskMental Rotation, 7 variationsShepard-Metzler 3D Block Figures2D Shape RotationBody Part Rotation (Hand Laterality)Mirror vs. Identical DiscriminationEmbodied/Motor-Assisted RotationVirtual Reality Mental RotationEgocentric vs. Allocentric Rotation, also filed under 1 other familyPerceptual judgment and psychophysics tasks.

Virtual Morris Water Maze ¶

Navigate a virtual circular arena to find a hidden platform using distal spatial cues; latency and search patterns index allocentric spatial learning and navigation ability. Engages 5 processesSpatial memoryEncodingRetrievalSpatial working memoryStrategy use. 3 aliasesvMWMMorris Water MazeVirtual Water Maze, 9 variationsHidden Platform (Allocentric)Visible Platform (Cue-Based)Probe TrialsReversalDual-Solution DesignVirtual Star MazePath Integration TasksLarge-Scale Virtual CitiesBoundary-Based vs. Landmark-Based Navigation.

Virtual Radial Arm Maze ¶

Virtual multi-arm maze in which participants retrieve rewards from each arm once; working-memory and reference-memory errors index spatial memory. Engages 4 processesSpatial memorySpatial working memoryEncodingRetrieval. 4 aliasesRadial Arm MazevRAMVirtual Radial Arm MazeRAM, 9 variationsStandard 8-Arm Radial MazePartially Baited Maze (4 of 8)12-Arm or 16-Arm VersionsVirtual Reality (Immersive VR)Desktop Virtual MazeMaze with LandmarksCue-Removed ConditionsDelay VariantsProbabilistic Reward Maze.

Pseudo tasks: rest, fixation, self-report and feedback blocks ¶

Block-level activities that serve the experiment around them rather than eliciting a process through trials: a resting block as a baseline or a reset, a fixation block that sets up a physical state, a questionnaire that collects a self-report, and feedback that tells the participant how they are performing, after a response, a block or a session. For rest, fixation and questionnaires the block’s onset, offset and instruction are what is recorded; for feedback its schedule, content, valence and modality are recorded as well. Pseudo tasks have no process links recorded at this time.

Fixate ¶

Participant holds gaze on a fixation target for a block with nothing else to process or do; used as a baseline or control block and to limit eye movement. Engages no linked processes yet (pseudo task). 3 aliasesFixation BlockFixation BaselineCentral Fixation, no variations.

Receive Feedback ¶

Participant is told whether a response was right or wrong, how fast it was, or what was earned, after a response, a block or a session; feedback is a pseudo task when it accompanies a task incidentally, and part of the task itself when the task is built on it. Engages no linked processes yet (pseudo task). 4 aliasesFeedback BlockPerformance FeedbackTrial FeedbackScore Screen, no variations.

Rest ¶

Participant stays awake, still and unoccupied for a block of several minutes while spontaneous activity is recorded; the block is a baseline for task blocks or a resting-state recording in its own right. Engages no linked processes yet (pseudo task). 4 aliasesResting StateResting-State RecordingRest BlockBaseline Rest, 2 variationsEyes-Open RestEyes-Closed Rest.

Take Questionnaire ¶

Participant reads or hears a series of questionnaire items and records a response to each; the instrument administered is a parameter of the block, not a variation. Engages no linked processes yet (pseudo task). 4 aliasesQuestionnaire BlockQuestionnaire AdministrationSelf-Report BlockSurvey, 2 variationsComputerized QuestionnaireInterviewer-Administered Questionnaire.