Tasks alphabetically¶

All 107 tasks in name order, each with the task family it is filed under. Tasks by family presents the same tasks grouped by family.

Affective Picture Viewing ¶

Passive or instructed viewing of emotionally valenced images (IAPS, GAPED, NAPS, OASIS) while physiological, neural, or rating responses to valence and arousal are recorded. Filed under Emotion elicitation and regulation tasks. Engages 6 processesEmotion recognitionEmotion regulationVisual perceptionSelective attentionApproach motivationAvoidance motivation. 2 aliasesIAPS ViewingPassive Viewing Task, 1 variationCategory-Specific Selection.

Affective Priming ¶

Target evaluation (good/bad) preceded by a briefly presented affective prime; response facilitation on congruent trials indexes automatic evaluation. Filed under Emotion elicitation and regulation tasks. Engages 5 processesAffective primingEmotion recognitionSemantic processingResponse selectionResponse conflict. 1 aliasEvaluative Priming, 7 variationsEvaluative Decision (Good/Bad)Pronunciation/NamingSubliminal PrimingPicture-Word PrimingFace-Face PrimingCross-Modal Affective PrimingMasked vs. Unmasked Priming, also filed under 1 other familyConflict and interference tasks.

Anti-Saccade ¶

Participants must suppress a prepotent saccade toward a peripheral cue and generate a voluntary saccade to the opposite location; errors and saccade latency index oculomotor inhibition. Filed under Response inhibition and stopping tasks. Engages 6 processesAntisaccadeResponse inhibitionSaccadeExecutive attentionConflict monitoringMotor preparation. 3 aliasesASTAntisaccadeAnti-Saccade, 9 variationsStandard Anti-SaccadeProsaccade (Control Condition)Interleaved Pro/Anti-SaccadeBlocked Pro/Anti-SaccadeGap vs. Overlap ConditionsDelayed Anti-SaccadeEmotional Anti-SaccadeMemory-Guided Anti-SaccadeDouble-Step Anti-Saccade.

Artificial Grammar Learning ¶

Exposure to letter strings generated by a finite-state grammar followed by a grammaticality judgment on novel strings; indexes implicit rule learning. Filed under Conditioning, reinforcement and implicit learning tasks. Engages 4 processesImplicit memoryProcedural memoryPattern recognitionCategorization. 3 aliasesAGLArtificial GrammarArtificial Grammar Learning, 7 variationsStandard AGL (Reber)Transfer VersionChunk Strength ControlProduction TaskSequential AGLHierarchical AGLCross-Modal AGL.

Attention Network ¶

Identify the direction of a central arrow flanked by congruent or incongruent arrows, preceded by various cue types; RT differences across cue and flanker conditions index three independent attention networks (alerting, orienting, executive). Filed under Attentional cueing and orienting tasks. Engages 6 processesAlertingOrientingExecutive attentionSelective attentionInterference controlConflict monitoring. 3 aliasesAttention Network TestANTClinical Screening ANT, 6 variationsStandard ANT (Fan et al., 2002)ANT-I (Callejas et al.)ANT-R (Revised)Lateralized ANT (LANT)Child ANTANT with Emotional Stimuli, also filed under 1 other familyConflict and interference tasks.

Auditory Masking ¶

Detect, discriminate, or identify a target sound in the presence of a masking sound; threshold shifts between masked and unmasked conditions index frequency selectivity, temporal resolution, and auditory scene analysis. Filed under Perceptual judgment and psychophysics tasks. Engages 4 processesAuditory perceptionMaskingSelective attentionPerceptual decision making. 3 aliasesTone-in-Noise DetectionSpeech-in-NoiseEnergetic Masking, 10 variationsSimultaneous maskingForward maskingBackward maskingEnergetic masking (peripheral)Informational masking (central)Comodulation masking release (CMR)Speech-in-noiseTone-in-noise detectionModulation maskingSpatial release from masking.

Autobiographical Memory ¶

Participants retrieve specific personal memories in response to cue words or structured prompts; specificity, detail, and temporal distribution of retrieved episodes index autobiographical memory function. Filed under Recall and recognition memory tests. Engages 4 processesAutobiographical memoryRetrievalRecollectionSelf-referential processing. 5 aliasesAutobiographical Memory InterviewAMICue-Word Autobiographical Memory TaskGalton-Crovitz TaskAutobiographical Memory Test, 6 variationsCue-Word Task (Galton-Crovitz)Autobiographical Memory Test (Williams & Broadbent)Autobiographical Memory Interview (Kopelman)Sentence-Cue VariantOdor-Cued Autobiographical MemoryFuture Episodic Simulation.

Balloon Analog Risk ¶

Sequential pumping of a virtual balloon for monetary reward with stochastic popping; average pumps per un-popped balloon indexes risk-taking. Filed under Reward, risk and value-based choice tasks. Engages 5 processesRisk processingValue-based decision makingReward anticipationApproach motivationResponse inhibition. 3 aliasesBARTBalloon TaskBalloon Analog Risk, 7 variationsStandard BART (30 balloons)BART-Y (Youth Version)Variable Explosion ProbabilityHigh-Stakes vs. Low-StakesSocial Context BARTAutomatic BARTBART with Loss Domain.

Biological Motion Perception ¶

Judgment of human action or identity from sparse point-light displays attached to major joints; indexes recognition of biological motion from kinematic cues alone. Filed under Perceptual judgment and psychophysics tasks. Engages 5 processesBiological motion perceptionMotion perceptionSocial perceptionVisual perceptionPattern recognition. 3 aliasesPoint-Light DisplaysPoint-Light Walker TaskPLW, 11 variationsIntact Biological MotionScrambled DisplaysInverted DisplaysReversed (Backward) MotionAction RecognitionDetection in NoiseGender/Identity DiscriminationEmotion from Body MotionPartial/Occluded DisplaysComparison with Mechanical MotionFacing Direction Discrimination.

Body Ownership Illusion ¶

Synchronous multisensory stimulation of a participant’s hidden body part and a visible fake or virtual counterpart induces illusory ownership of the artificial body part; proprioceptive drift, subjective ratings, and threat responses index the strength of the illusion. Filed under Metacognition, agency and interoception tasks. Engages 3 processesBody ownershipInteroceptive awarenessSelf-referential processing. 7 aliasesRubber Hand IllusionRHIFull Body IllusionBody Transfer IllusionVirtual Hand IllusionEnfacement IllusionMultisensory Body Illusion, 8 variationsClassic Rubber Hand IllusionFull Body Illusion (Body Swap)Virtual Hand / Virtual Body IllusionEnfacement IllusionSomatosensory Rubber Hand IllusionKinesthetic Mirror IllusionThreat Response ParadigmIncongruent Object Control.

Cambridge Face Memory ¶

Learn target faces across viewpoints, then identify them among distractors under increasingly difficult conditions (novel viewpoints, visual noise); accuracy indexes face recognition ability and configural face processing. Filed under Recall and recognition memory tests. Engages 5 processesFace identity recognitionFace perceptionRecognitionEncodingVisual perception. 4 aliasesCambridge Face Memory TestCFMTCambridge Face TestCambridge Face Memory, 6 variationsCFMT-OriginalCFMT-Australian (CFMT+)CFMT-CarsCFMT-InvertedCambridge Face Perception Test (CFPT)Short-Form CFMT, also filed under 1 other familyPerceptual judgment and psychophysics tasks.

Causal Learning ¶

Participants observe cue-outcome pairings across trials and judge the causal strength of the relationship; judgment profiles across contingency conditions index causal induction and associative learning mechanisms. Filed under Conditioning, reinforcement and implicit learning tasks. Engages 4 processesCausal reasoningAssociative learningReward prediction errorProbability judgment. 6 aliasesContingency Judgment TaskContingency Learning TaskCausal Judgment TaskCausal Induction TaskDelta-P TaskAllergy Prediction Task, 8 variationsAllergy Prediction TaskBlocking ParadigmOutcome Density ManipulationTrial-by-Trial PredictionSummary vs. Sequential PresentationMulti-Cause (Relative Validity)Causal Direction ManipulationBackward Blocking / Retrospective Revaluation.

Change Detection ¶

Brief sample array followed after a blank delay by a probe array; participant reports whether any item changed. Yields visual working memory capacity (K). Filed under Short-term and working memory tasks. Engages 4 processesVisual working memoryActive maintenanceSelective attentionEncoding. 2 aliasesLuck-Vogel TaskVWM Capacity Task, 7 variationsStandard Color Change DetectionSingle-Probe Change DetectionOrientation Change DetectionConjunction Change DetectionChange Detection with FilteringContinuous Report / Precision TaskSequential Presentation.

Contextual Cueing ¶

Visual search in which some distractor configurations repeat across blocks; faster search on repeated configurations indexes implicit spatial context learning. Filed under Visual search and tracking tasks. Engages 4 processesImplicit memorySpatial attentionSelective attentionAssociative learning. 1 aliasCC Task, 6 variationsStandard Visual Search CCConfiguration-Based vs. Association-Based CCSemantic Contextual CueingCross-Modal Contextual CueingDynamic Contextual CueingTransfer of Contextual Cueing, also filed under 1 other familyConditioning, reinforcement and implicit learning tasks.

Continuous Performance ¶

Extended stream of stimuli in which a rare target requires a response; omission and commission errors index sustained attention and response control. Filed under Oddball, vigilance and continuous performance tasks. Engages 5 processesSustained attentionAlertingResponse inhibitionSelective attentionMind wandering. 4 aliasesCPTCPT-IIAX-CPT variant also separate entryContinuous Performance, 8 variationsX-CPT (Simple)AX-CPT (Context Processing)Identical Pairs CPT (IP-CPT)Gradual-Onset CPT (gradCPT)Auditory CPTConners’ CPT-3TOVA (Test of Variables of Attention)CPT with Emotional Distractors.

Corsi Block-Tapping ¶

Experimenter taps a sequence on spatially arranged blocks; participant reproduces the sequence forward or backward. Indexes visuospatial short-term and working memory span. Filed under Short-term and working memory tasks. Engages 4 processesSpatial working memoryActive maintenanceSpatial memoryManipulation. 3 aliasesCorsiBlock TappingCorsi Span, 7 variationsForward Corsi SpanBackward Corsi SpanComputerized (eCorsi)Supra-Span CorsiWalking Corsi (large-scale)Sequential vs. Simultaneous PresentationCrossed/Uncrossed Paths.

Delay Discounting ¶

Repeated choices between smaller-sooner and larger-later rewards at varying delays; indifference points estimate a temporal discount function. Filed under Reward, risk and value-based choice tasks. Engages 5 processesDelay discountingIntertemporal choiceValuationValue-based decision makingResponse inhibition. 2 aliasesTemporal DiscountingDelay of Gratification, 10 variationsAdjusting-Amount MethodAdjusting-Delay Method5-Trial Adjusting DelayFixed-Choice Discrete TrialsMagnitude ManipulationReal vs. Hypothetical RewardsExperiential Discounting TaskGain vs. Loss FramingProbabilistic DiscountingCross-Commodity Discounting.

Delayed Match-to-Sample ¶

Sample stimulus followed by a delay and then a probe or choice array; response indicates whether the probe matches the sample. Indexes short-term memory maintenance. Filed under Short-term and working memory tasks. Engages 4 processesActive maintenanceRecognitionEncodingVisual working memory. 3 aliasesDMTSDMSDelayed Match-to-Sample, 7 variationsStandard DMTSVariable Delay DMTSMulti-Choice DMTSDMTS with Distraction During DelaySpatial DMTSDMTS with Object Complexity ManipulationDelayed Non-Match-to-Sample (DNMS).

Dictator Game ¶

One-shot allocation task in which a proposer unilaterally divides an endowment between self and a passive receiver; indexes altruism and social preferences. Filed under Social cognition and social choice tasks. Engages 4 processesSocial decision makingValuationPerspective takingReciprocity. 2 aliasesDictator GameDG, 9 variationsStandard Dictator GameTake GameGive-or-Take GameDouble DictatorEarned vs. Windfall EndowmentAudience/Observation EffectsN-Person DictatorCharitable Giving DictatorExit Option.

Digit Span ¶

Auditory or visual digit sequences reproduced in forward or backward order; longest correctly reproduced length indexes verbal short-term and working memory span. Filed under Short-term and working memory tasks. Engages 5 processesVerbal working memoryRehearsalActive maintenanceManipulationChunking. 3 aliasesDSForward/Backward SpanDigit Span, 11 variationsForward Digit SpanBackward Digit SpanDigit Span Sequencing (WAIS-IV)Letter-Number SequencingAuditory vs. Visual PresentationAdaptive Staircase VersionsSpatial Digit SpanRunning Digit SpanGrouped/Chunked PresentationMatrix SpanSupra-Span Lists.

Digit Symbol Substitution ¶

Timed paper-and-pencil or computerized task: substitute digits for symbols (or vice versa) using a visible key; items completed in a fixed interval index processing speed. Filed under Motor performance and speeded response tasks. Engages 5 processesResponse executionSelective attentionAssociative learningWorking memoryVisual perception. 6 aliasesDigit Symbol Substitution TestDSSTSDMTSymbol Digit ModalitiesCoding TestDigit Symbol Substitution, 5 variationsDSST (Digit-to-Symbol; WAIS)SDMT (Symbol-to-Digit; Smith)Oral SDMTComputerized DSST/SDMTPaired-Associate Variant.

Directed Forgetting ¶

Study-phase cues instruct participants to remember or forget specific items or lists; later memory tests index intentional forgetting. Filed under Memory control and prospective memory tasks. Engages 5 processesDirected forgettingEncodingRetrievalResponse inhibitionMetacognitive control. 3 aliasesDF TaskItem-Method DFList-Method DF, 7 variationsItem-Method Directed ForgettingList-Method Directed ForgettingRecognition vs. Recall TestDirected Forgetting with Source MemoryEmotional Directed ForgettingDirected Forgetting of Actions (SPT)Cumulative Directed Forgetting.

Dot-Probe ¶

A pair of cues (often threat/neutral) is followed by a probe at one cue location; RT difference by cue type indexes attentional bias. Filed under Attentional cueing and orienting tasks. Engages 5 processesSelective attentionSpatial attentionEmotion recognitionAttentional captureOrienting. 2 aliasesVisual Probe TaskAttentional Probe, 6 variationsStandard Face Dot-ProbeWord Dot-ProbePictorial Dot-ProbeDetection vs. Classification ProbeSubliminal/Masked Dot-ProbePositive Dot-Probe.

Effort-Based Decision-Making ¶

Participants choose between a low-effort/low-reward option and a high-effort/high-reward option on each trial; the indifference point indexes effort discounting and motivational willingness to exert effort for reward. Filed under Reward, risk and value-based choice tasks. Engages 5 processesEffort allocationValuationReward anticipationApproach motivationValue-based decision making. 5 aliasesEEfRTEffort Expenditure for Rewards TaskEffort Discounting TaskEffort-Cost ParadigmEffort Choice Task, 7 variationsEEfRT (Physical Effort)Cognitive Effort DiscountingGrip-Force Effort TaskEffort Discounting TitrationProgressive Ratio TaskDemand Selection TaskApple-Gathering Task.

Emotion Regulation ¶

View affective images under instructions to reappraise or passively view; self-reported affect, physiological responses, and neural activity index emotion regulation ability. Filed under Emotion elicitation and regulation tasks. Engages 5 processesEmotion regulationCognitive reappraisalExpressive suppressionEmotion recognitionExecutive attention. 2 aliasesCognitive Reappraisal TaskER Task, 9 variationsReinterpretation/ReappraisalDistancing/DetachmentDistraction/Attentional DeploymentExpressive SuppressionAcceptance/Mindful AwarenessSituation Selection/ModificationUp-RegulationRegulation of Positive vs. Negative EmotionsImplicit Emotion Regulation.

Emotional Stroop ¶

Color-naming of emotionally valenced words; RT slowing on threat-related words indexes attentional bias to affective content. Filed under Conflict and interference tasks. Engages 5 processesSelective attentionInterference controlEmotion recognitionAttentional captureConflict monitoring. 1 aliasAffective Stroop, 6 variationsThreat-Related Emotional StroopDisorder-Specific VariantsPositive vs. Negative Emotional StroopPictorial Emotional StroopSubliminal Emotional StroopFace-Word Emotional Stroop.

Eriksen Flanker ¶

A central target flanked by congruent or incongruent distractors; RT and error differences index selective attention and conflict resolution. Filed under Conflict and interference tasks. Engages 5 processesInterference controlSelective attentionConflict monitoringResponse conflictResponse selection. 2 aliasesFlankerFlanker Task, 7 variationsArrow Flanker (Standard)Letter FlankerColor FlankerEmotional FlankerNumerical FlankerProportion-Congruent FlankerCombined Flanker + Go/No-Go.

Face Processing ¶

Blocked or event-related presentation of faces vs. objects (or scrambled faces) to localize face-selective cortical regions (FFA, OFA, pSTS). Filed under Perceptual judgment and psychophysics tasks. Engages 3 processesFace perceptionVisual object recognitionVisual perception. 2 aliasesFFA LocalizerFace Localizer, 8 variationsFaces vs. Objects Block DesignFaces vs. Scrambled FacesFaces vs. HousesDynamic Face LocalizerUpright vs. Inverted FacesIdentity AdaptationFace Parts (Eyes, Mouth)Familiar vs. Unfamiliar Faces.

Facial Emotion Recognition ¶

Identification of an emotion category from a face image; accuracy and RT per emotion index emotion decoding ability. Filed under Emotion elicitation and regulation tasks. Engages 4 processesEmotion recognitionFace perceptionCategorizationSocial perception. 2 aliasesEkman Faces TaskFacial Emotion Recognition, 8 variationsStatic Ekman Faces (6 basic emotions)Morphed IntensityDynamic ExpressionsMicroexpression DetectionEmotion-in-ContextExpression MatchingCompound ExpressionsDimensional Ratings.

False Belief ¶

Wimmer & Perner–style narrative in which a protagonist holds a belief the participant knows to be false; correct prediction of the protagonist’s action indexes mentalizing. Filed under Social cognition and social choice tasks. Engages 4 processesPerspective takingSelf-other distinctionSocial perceptionLanguage comprehension. 3 aliasesSally-Anne TaskTheory of Mind TaskToM Task, 11 variationsSally-Anne / Change-of-LocationUnexpected Contents (Smarties/Crayon Box)Second-Order False BeliefDiverse Beliefs TaskImplicit False Belief (Looking Time)Anticipatory LookingAnimated Triangles (Heider-Simmel)Cartoon/Story Vignette TasksBelief-Desire ReasoningAdult False Belief with Reaction TimeCompetitive False Belief (Deception).

Feeling-of-Knowing ¶

After failing to recall a studied item, participants rate the likelihood they could recognize the answer; the accuracy of these predictions (gamma correlation with recognition) indexes metacognitive monitoring of unretrieved memory. Filed under Metacognition, agency and interoception tasks. Engages 4 processesFeeling of knowingMetacognitive monitoringRetrievalFamiliarity. 3 aliasesFOK TaskFeeling-of-Knowing JudgmentHart FOK Paradigm, 5 variationsEpisodic Feeling-of-KnowingSemantic / General-Knowledge Feeling-of-KnowingCue-Only vs. Cue-Target ParadigmTip-of-the-Tongue VariantFeeling-of-Knowing with Feedback.

Finger Tapping ¶

Repetitive single-finger or sequence tapping at fastest or paced rates; taps-per-interval and tap-timing variability index motor speed and rhythm control. Filed under Motor performance and speeded response tasks. Engages 4 processesFine motor controlMotor timingResponse executionMotor preparation. 3 aliasesFTTTapping TaskFinger Tapping, 7 variationsSelf-Paced TappingAuditorily-Paced TappingVisually-Paced TappingUnimanual vs. BimanualSequential Multi-FingerComplex Rhythmic PatternsContinuation Paradigm.

Participant holds gaze on a fixation target for a block with nothing else to process or do; used as a baseline or control block and to limit eye movement. Filed under Pseudo tasks: rest, fixation, self-report and feedback blocks. Engages no linked processes yet (pseudo task). 3 aliasesFixation BlockFixation BaselineCentral Fixation, no variations.

Free Recall ¶

Study of a list of items followed by unaided recall in any order; serial-position curves dissociate primacy and recency. Filed under Recall and recognition memory tests. Engages 6 processesRecallEncodingRetrievalEpisodic memorySemantic processingRehearsal. 1 aliasRecall Task, 8 variationsImmediate Free Recall (IFR)Delayed Free Recall (DFR)Continual Distractor Free Recall (CDFR)Final Free RecallCategorized Free RecallRepeated Free RecallDirected Forgetting in Free RecallExternalized Free Recall.

Go/No-Go ¶

Responses required to frequent “go” stimuli must be withheld on rare “no-go” stimuli; commission errors and N2/P3 ERPs index response inhibition. Filed under Response inhibition and stopping tasks. Engages 5 processesResponse inhibitionSelective attentionSustained attentionConflict monitoringResponse selection. 3 aliasesGNGGo No-GoGo/No-Go, 9 variationsStandard Go/No-GoEmotional Go/No-GoReward/Punishment Go/No-GoProbabilistic Go/No-GoCued Go/No-GoFlanked Go/No-GoReversal Go/No-GoSaccadic Go/No-GoMulti-Stimulus Go/No-Go.

Heartbeat Detection ¶

Participants count or discriminate their own heartbeats without external feedback; the correspondence between perceived and actual heartbeat counts (or discrimination accuracy) indexes interoceptive sensitivity. Filed under Metacognition, agency and interoception tasks. Engages 3 processesInteroceptive awarenessSelf-monitoringMetacognitive monitoring. 6 aliasesHeartbeat Counting TaskHeartbeat Perception TaskHeartbeat Tracking TaskSchandry TaskCardiac Interoceptive Accuracy TaskWhitehead Heartbeat Discrimination Task, 5 variationsHeartbeat Counting (Schandry)Heartbeat Discrimination (Whitehead)Confidence-Accuracy ParadigmInteroceptive Attention ManipulationRespiratory Interoception Variant.

Imitation-Inhibition ¶

Execute an instructed finger movement while observing a congruent or incongruent action performed by another person; the congruency effect (faster responses on congruent trials) indexes automatic imitation and the cost of inhibiting observed-action representations. Filed under Conflict and interference tasks. Engages 3 processesImitationResponse inhibitionSelf-monitoring. 5 aliasesAutomatic Imitation TaskAutomatic ImitationBrass Imitation TaskStimulus-Response Compatibility Imitation TaskAction Observation Compatibility Task, 8 variationsClassic Finger-Lift Paradigm (Brass et al.)Kinematic Paradigm (Kilner Task)Hand Open/Close VariantAnimacy ManipulationGoal-Directed Imitation VariantVocal Stimulus-Response CompatibilityControlled Imitation Task (Reverse)Counter-Imitation Training.

Implicit Association ¶

Speeded categorization of stimuli belonging to two target concepts and two evaluative attributes using shared response keys; congruence-condition RT difference indexes implicit association. Filed under Conflict and interference tasks. Engages 6 processesStereotypingIn-group/out-group processingCategorizationResponse conflictInterference controlAssociative learning. 3 aliasesImplicit Association TestIATImplicit Association, 9 variationsRace IATGender-Science IATSelf-Esteem IATSingle-Category IAT (SC-IAT)Brief IAT (BIAT)Go/No-Go Association Task (GNAT)Recoding-Free IAT (IAT-RF)Personalized IAT (P-IAT)Developmental / Child IAT.

Instrumental Conditioning ¶

Actions are reinforced by contingent outcomes under defined schedules; response rate and choice probability across schedules index instrumental learning. Specific human instantiations include lever/button-press reward paradigms and free-operant tasks. Filed under Conditioning, reinforcement and implicit learning tasks. Engages 5 processesInstrumental conditioningReinforcement learningGoal-directed behaviorHabitReward prediction error. 4 aliasesOperant ConditioningInstrumental LearningPITPavlovian-Instrumental Transfer, 11 variationsFixed Ratio (FR)Variable Ratio (VR)Fixed Interval (FI)Variable Interval (VI)Progressive RatioConcurrent ChoiceTwo-Stage Decision Task (Daw)Devaluation ParadigmContingency DegradationOutcome-Specific Pavlovian-Instrumental Transfer (PIT)Avoidance Learning.

Intentional Binding ¶

Participants judge the perceived time of a voluntary action and/or its sensory effect using a Libet clock; the temporal compression between action and effect (intentional binding) indexes the implicit sense of agency. Filed under Metacognition, agency and interoception tasks. Engages 3 processesSense of agencyMotor planningMetacognitive monitoring. 4 aliasesTemporal Binding TaskAction-Effect Binding TaskLibet Clock Binding TaskInterval Estimation Agency Task, 7 variationsLibet Clock Method (Standard)Interval Estimation MethodInvoluntary Action Control (TMS)Outcome Probability ManipulationCausal Belief ManipulationSocial Intentional BindingOutcome Valence Manipulation.

Iowa Gambling ¶

Repeated choices among four decks with hidden reward and loss distributions; preference shift toward advantageous decks indexes affective decision making. Filed under Reward, risk and value-based choice tasks. Engages 6 processesValue-based decision makingReinforcement learningRisk processingReward prediction errorApproach motivationEmotion regulation. 2 aliasesIGTIowa Gambling, 6 variationsStandard IGTSoochow Gambling Task (SGT)Child VersionsExtended IGT (150–200 trials)IGT with Explicit ProbabilitiesModified Payoff Variants.

Judgment-of-Learning ¶

After studying each item, participants predict the likelihood they will recall it on a later test; calibration and resolution of these predictions index metacognitive monitoring of encoding. Filed under Metacognition, agency and interoception tasks. Engages 4 processesJudgment of learningMetacognitive monitoringMetacognitive controlEncoding. 3 aliasesJOL TaskJudgment-of-Learning ParadigmMetacognitive Prediction Task, 6 variationsImmediate Judgment-of-LearningDelayed Judgment-of-LearningAggregate vs. Item-by-Item JudgmentsCue-Only vs. Cue-Target Delayed JudgmentSelf-Regulated Study ParadigmPre-Study Judgment (Ease-of-Learning).

Lexical Decision ¶

Speeded word/nonword judgment; RT and accuracy index lexical access and are sensitive to frequency, priming, and context. Filed under Language comprehension and production tasks. Engages 5 processesLexical accessWord recognitionSemantic processingReadingCategorization. 2 aliasesLDTLexical Decision, 8 variationsStandard Visual LDTAuditory LDTMasked Priming LDTCross-Modal LDTLDT with Different Nonword TypesBilingual LDTLDT MegastudiesGo/No-Go LDT.

Mental Rotation ¶

Judgment of whether two rotated objects are identical or mirror images; RT scales linearly with angular disparity, indexing mental rotation. Filed under Spatial cognition and navigation tasks. Engages 4 processesMental rotationVisual perceptionSpatial memoryResponse selection. 3 aliasesMRTShepard-Metzler TaskMental Rotation, 7 variationsShepard-Metzler 3D Block Figures2D Shape RotationBody Part Rotation (Hand Laterality)Mirror vs. Identical DiscriminationEmbodied/Motor-Assisted RotationVirtual Reality Mental RotationEgocentric vs. Allocentric Rotation, also filed under 1 other familyPerceptual judgment and psychophysics tasks.

Mirror Tracing ¶

Tracing of a figure viewed only in a mirror; error and completion time across trials index visuomotor adaptation and procedural learning. Filed under Motor performance and speeded response tasks. Engages 5 processesVisuomotor adaptationFine motor controlProcedural memoryError detectionMotor planning. 3 aliasesMTTMirror DrawingMirror Tracing, 8 variationsStar Tracing (Standard)Circle/Diamond/Complex ShapesComputerized Mirror TracingLeft-Right vs. Up-Down ReversalRotation (Non-Mirror) VariantsPrism Adaptation AnalogDual-Hand Mirror TracingMirror Tracing with Delay.

Mismatch Negativity ¶

Passive auditory oddball in which rare deviant sounds elicit a negative ERP around 150–250 ms, indexing pre-attentive auditory change detection. Filed under Oddball, vigilance and continuous performance tasks. Engages 4 processesAuditory perceptionAuditory tone discriminationPitch perceptionAcoustic processing. 3 aliasesMMNMismatch Negativity ParadigmMismatch Negativity, 9 variationsFrequency MMNDuration MMNIntensity MMNLocation/Spatial MMNComplex Pattern MMNMulti-Feature MMN (Optimum)Phoneme/Speech MMNVisual MMN (vMMN)Roving Standard MMN.

Mnemonic Similarity ¶

Incidental encoding of images followed by a test with old, new, and lure items; discrimination of lures from repetitions indexes pattern separation. Filed under Recall and recognition memory tests. Engages 6 processesPattern separationPattern completionRecognitionEncodingEpisodic memoryFamiliarity. 4 aliasesMSTMnemonic Discrimination TaskPattern Separation TaskMnemonic Similarity, 7 variationsStandard Object MSTScene MSTContinuous MSTParametric Similarity ManipulationMST for FacesSpatial MSTShort-Delay vs. Long-Delay MST.

Monetary Incentive Delay ¶

Cue predicts potential monetary gain or loss; speeded target response determines outcome. Striatal activity to cues indexes reward anticipation. Filed under Reward, risk and value-based choice tasks. Engages 4 processesReward anticipationIncentive salienceApproach motivationResponse execution. 2 aliasesMIDMonetary Incentive Delay, 6 variationsStandard MID (Knutson)Graded Reward MIDMID with Social RewardsMID with Drug CuesPassive MIDMID with Effort Component.

Motor Sequence Learning ¶

Repeated execution of a fixed finger sequence; within- and across-session speed and accuracy changes index motor skill learning. Filed under Motor performance and speeded response tasks. Engages 5 processesMotor sequence learningProcedural memoryMotor planningFine motor controlConsolidation. 2 aliasesSequence LearningFinger Sequence Task, 8 variationsDiscrete Sequence Production (DSP)Serial Reaction Time Task variantFinger Opposition TaskBimanual CoordinationExplicit vs. Implicit Sequence LearningSequence Complexity ManipulationTransfer TestsContinuous Tracking + Sequence.

Multi-Armed Bandit ¶

Repeated choice among options with unknown or changing reward distributions; choice sequences dissociate exploration from exploitation. Filed under Conditioning, reinforcement and implicit learning tasks. Engages 5 processesReinforcement learningValue learningReward prediction errorValue-based decision makingStrategy use. 4 aliasesMABBandit TaskK-Armed BanditMulti-Armed Bandit, 9 variationsTwo-Armed Stationary BanditRestless (Volatile) BanditContextual BanditHorizon Task (Wilson et al.)Four-Armed Bandit with ReversalInformative vs. Non-Informative ExplorationSocial BanditBandit with Effort CostBandit with Partial Observability.

Multiple Object Tracking ¶

Participants track a subset of identical moving objects among distractors for several seconds; tracking accuracy indexes sustained multifocal attention. Filed under Visual search and tracking tasks. Engages 5 processesSelective attentionDivided attentionSustained attentionVisual working memoryObject-based attention. 3 aliasesMOTPylyshyn TrackingMultiple Object Tracking, 7 variationsStandard MOTIdentity-MOT (MIT)3D MOT (NeuroTracker)MOT with OcclusionProbe-Based MOTHierarchical MOTAuditory MOT Analogs.

N-Back ¶

Continuous stream in which each item must be compared to the one n items back; accuracy and RT index working memory updating and monitoring. Filed under Short-term and working memory tasks. Engages 5 processesWorking memory updatingActive maintenanceWorking memoryInterference controlResponse selection. 2 aliasesN-BackDual N-Back, 8 variationsVerbal N-BackSpatial N-BackEmotional N-BackDual N-BackFractal/Object N-BackAdaptive N-BackN-Back with LuresAuditory N-Back.

Navon ¶

Hierarchical letters in which large letters are composed of small ones; RT differences between global and local identification index attentional scope. Filed under Conflict and interference tasks. Engages 4 processesSelective attentionVisual perceptionInterference controlResponse conflict. 2 aliasesGlobal-Local TaskNavon Letters, 11 variationsStandard Navon (Blocked)Mixed/Cued NavonDivided Attention NavonConsistent vs. Inconsistent StimuliSparse vs. Dense Local ElementsEmotional NavonAuditory Navon AnalogsNavon with PrimingLateralized PresentationNavon Figures with ShapesTemporal Precedence (Brief Exposure), also filed under 1 other familyPerceptual judgment and psychophysics tasks.

Oddball ¶

Sequence of standards with rare deviants or targets; deviants elicit a large positive ERP around 300 ms (P3a/P3b), indexing attention and context updating. Filed under Oddball, vigilance and continuous performance tasks. Engages 5 processesSelective attentionTemporal attentionAttentional captureSustained attentionWorking memory updating. 3 aliasesP300 TaskAuditory OddballVisual Oddball, 9 variationsTwo-Stimulus Auditory OddballThree-Stimulus Novelty OddballVisual OddballPassive OddballActive Counting vs. Button-Press ResponseDuration Deviance OddballCross-Modal OddballEmotional OddballRoving Paradigm.

Old/New Recognition Memory ¶

Studied items mixed with new lures at test; hit and false-alarm rates yield d’ and can be decomposed into recollection and familiarity via ROC or remember/know. Filed under Recall and recognition memory tests. Engages 6 processesRecognitionRecollectionFamiliarityEncodingRetrievalEpisodic memory. 2 aliasesRecognition Memory TestYes/No Recognition, 7 variationsStandard Old/NewRemember-Know (R/K)Source MemoryAssociative RecognitionForced-Choice RecognitionContinuous RecognitionDRM (Deese-Roediger-McDermott) False Memory Variant.

Operation Span ¶

Alternating arithmetic verification and word/letter memory items; complex-span score indexes working memory capacity under processing load. Filed under Short-term and working memory tasks. Engages 5 processesWorking memoryActive maintenanceVerbal working memoryDivided attentionInterference control. 3 aliasesOSPANComplex SpanOperation Span, 6 variationsAutomated OSPAN (AOSPAN)Reading Span (RSPAN)Symmetry Span (SYMSPAN)Counting SpanShortened OSPANAdaptive OSPAN.

Paired Associates Learning ¶

Study of cue-target pairs followed by cued recall; proportion recalled indexes associative encoding and retrieval. Filed under Recall and recognition memory tests. Engages 5 processesAssociative learningEncodingRetrievalEpisodic memoryDeclarative memory. 3 aliasesPALPaired Associate LearningPaired Associates Learning, 9 variationsVerbal Paired Associates (Cued Recall)Face-Name Paired AssociatesObject-Location PairsCANTAB PALArbitrary vs. Semantically Related PairsCross-Modal Paired AssociatesMulti-Trial Learning CurvesRetroactive/Proactive Interference VariantsIncidental vs. Intentional Encoding.

Pavlovian Fear Conditioning ¶

A neutral CS is paired with an aversive US (shock, loud sound); conditioned responses (SCR, startle, amygdala BOLD) index fear learning. Filed under Conditioning, reinforcement and implicit learning tasks. Engages 5 processesPavlovian conditioningAssociative learningExtinctionAvoidance motivationEmotion regulation. 3 aliasesFear ConditioningClassical ConditioningFC, 12 variationsDelay ConditioningTrace ConditioningContextual ConditioningDifferential Conditioning (CS+/CS−)Extinction TrainingExtinction RecallRenewal (Context Change)ReinstatementReconsolidation ParadigmGeneralization GradientInstructed vs. UninstructedCompound CS Conditioning.

Phonological Awareness ¶

Rhyme judgment, phoneme deletion, or phoneme blending tasks index sensitivity to the sound structure of language. Filed under Language comprehension and production tasks. Engages 4 processesPhonological awarenessPhonological encodingSpeech perceptionCategorization. 2 aliasesRhyme JudgmentPhoneme Deletion, 11 variationsRhyme DetectionRhyme OddityRhyme ProductionOnset DetectionPhoneme DeletionPhoneme SubstitutionPhoneme SegmentationBlendingSpoonerismsAlliteration DetectionSyllable Awareness Tasks.

Picture Naming ¶

Naming of pictured objects; RT and errors index lexical retrieval and are sensitive to name agreement, frequency, and age of acquisition. Filed under Language comprehension and production tasks. Engages 6 processesNamingLexical accessLanguage productionVisual object recognitionSemantic processingSpeech production. 2 aliasesObject NamingConfrontation Naming, 9 variationsStandard Single-Object NamingBlocked-Cyclic NamingContinuous NamingPicture-Word Interference (PWI)Delayed NamingObject + Action NamingBilingual Picture NamingTip-of-the-Tongue (TOT) ParadigmNaming with Phonological/Semantic Cues.

Posner Spatial Cueing ¶

A central or peripheral cue indicates the likely target location; RT differences between valid, neutral, and invalid cues index covert spatial orienting. Filed under Attentional cueing and orienting tasks. Engages 5 processesSpatial attentionOrientingAttentional captureAttention shiftingSelective attention. 2 aliasesPosner TaskSpatial Cueing Task, 11 variationsExogenous (Peripheral) CueingEndogenous (Central) CueingValid, Invalid, and Neutral Cue ConditionsInhibition of Return (IOR) ParadigmGap vs. Overlap ConditionsDouble-Cue ParadigmPredictive vs. Non-Predictive CuesFeature-Based CueingObject-Based CueingCross-Modal CueingDetection vs. Discrimination Targets.

Prisoner’s Dilemma ¶

Two-player one-shot or iterated game with cooperate/defect choices and asymmetric payoffs; choice patterns index cooperation and strategic reasoning. Filed under Social cognition and social choice tasks. Engages 6 processesSocial decision makingCooperationCompetitionReciprocityStrategy usePerspective taking. 4 aliasesPrisoner’s DilemmaPDIterated Prisoner’s DilemmaIterated PD, 12 variationsSingle-Shot (One-Round) PDIterated PD (Repeated Games)Sequential PDMultiplayer/Public Goods VersionPD with CommunicationPD with Punishment OptionPD with Varying Payoff MatricesPD against Computer OpponentsPD with Reputation InformationContinuous PDAsymmetric Prisoner’s DilemmaOptional Prisoner’s Dilemma.

Probabilistic Classification Learning ¶

Multi-cue probabilistic prediction of a binary outcome with trial-by-trial feedback; learning curves index gradual procedural category learning. Filed under Conditioning, reinforcement and implicit learning tasks. Engages 5 processesReinforcement learningAssociative learningCategorizationStrategy useProcedural memory. 4 aliasesWeather PredictionProbabilistic Classification LearningWeather Prediction TaskWPT, 7 variationsStandard Weather Prediction (4 cues, binary outcome)Deterministic VersionVarying Probability LevelsInformation-Integration Category LearningRule-Based Category Learning (comparison)Feedback vs. Observation LearningTransfer Test Variants.

Probabilistic Selection ¶

Learn to choose between stimulus pairs through probabilistic feedback, then select among novel recombinations; choose-A vs. avoid-B accuracy dissociates positive and negative reinforcement learning. Filed under Conditioning, reinforcement and implicit learning tasks. Engages 5 processesReinforcement learningReward prediction errorApproach motivationAvoidance motivationValue learning. 5 aliasesPSTProbabilistic Stimulus Selection TaskPSSFrank TaskProbabilistic Selection, 5 variationsStandard PST (3 Stimulus Pairs)Extended Training Versions4-Pair VersionGain-Only and Loss-Only VariantsPST with Volatility.

Prospective Memory ¶

Participants perform an ongoing task while remembering to execute a deferred intention when a target event occurs (event-based) or after a time interval (time-based); PM hit rate indexes the ability to remember to remember. Filed under Memory control and prospective memory tasks. Engages 4 processesProspective memorySelf-monitoringRetrievalSet shifting. 5 aliasesEvent-Based Prospective MemoryTime-Based Prospective MemoryPM TaskEinstein-McDaniel ParadigmPMTASK, 6 variationsEvent-Based PM (Focal Cue)Event-Based PM (Non-Focal Cue)Time-Based PMActivity-Based PMMultiple-Intention PMNaturalistic PM.

Psychological Refractory Period ¶

Two tasks presented with a short SOA; RT for the second task lengthens as SOA shortens, indexing a central response-selection bottleneck. Filed under Motor performance and speeded response tasks. Engages 4 processesDivided attentionResponse selectionResponse executionMotor preparation. 2 aliasesPRPPsychological Refractory Period, 6 variationsStandard Auditory-Visual PRPVisual-Visual PRPVariable SOA DesignPRP with PracticePRP with Ideomotor-Compatible TasksTriple-Task PRP.

Psychomotor Vigilance ¶

Simple reaction to visual or auditory stimuli appearing at random intervals over 5–10 minutes; mean RT, lapses, and false starts index sustained attention. Filed under Oddball, vigilance and continuous performance tasks. Engages 4 processesSustained attentionAlertingResponse executionMind wandering. 2 aliasesPVTPsychomotor Vigilance, 4 variationsStandard 10-Minute PVTBrief PVT (PVT-B)Palm PVT / Mobile PVTAuditory PVT.

Random Dot Kinematogram ¶

A field of moving dots in which a variable fraction move coherently; direction judgments and RT under varying coherence support drift-diffusion modeling of perceptual decisions. Filed under Perceptual judgment and psychophysics tasks. Engages 5 processesPerceptual decision makingMotion perceptionSelective attentionResponse selectionVisual perception. 4 aliasesDot MotionRandom Dot KinematogramRDKDot Motion Task, 4 variationsTwo-Alternative Forced Choice (Standard)Free Response vs. Interrogation ProtocolPulse ParadigmMulti-Alternative Motion Discrimination.

Rapid Serial Visual Presentation ¶

A rapid stream of visual items is presented at a single location (typically 6-20 items/second); participants detect one or more targets among distractors. Target detection accuracy, especially for a second target shortly after a first (attentional blink), indexes temporal attention allocation. Filed under Oddball, vigilance and continuous performance tasks. Engages 7 processesTemporal attentionSelective attentionSustained attentionCategorizationAttentional awarenessPerceptual awarenessWorking memory updating. 7 aliasesRSVP TaskAttentional Blink TaskAB TaskRSVP Attentional BlinkRSVP Target DetectionRSVP Stream TaskDual-Target RSVP, 13 variationsDual-Target Attentional BlinkSingle-Target RSVPEmotion-Induced BlindnessRapid Scene CategorizationRSVP Image Triage (BCI)Triple-RSVP (Multiple Streams)Whole-Report RSVPRSVP with Task SwitchDetection vs. IdentificationThree-Target VariantCross-Modal Attentional BlinkEmotional Attentional BlinkSpatial Two-Stream RSVP, also filed under 1 other familyVisual search and tracking tasks.

Raven’s Progressive Matrices ¶

Matrix completion items requiring induction of a rule from a 3x3 array of figures; items correct is a standard measure of non-verbal reasoning. Filed under Rule use, planning and reasoning tasks. Engages 5 processesInductive reasoningAnalogical reasoningPattern recognitionVisual perceptionWorking memory. 5 aliasesRaven’s Progressive Matrices TestRaven’s Progressive MatricesRPMRaven’sProgressive Matrices, 8 variationsStandard Progressive Matrices (SPM)Advanced Progressive Matrices (APM)Colored Progressive Matrices (CPM)Computerized Adaptive VersionMatrix Reasoning (WAIS subtest)Sandia MatricesTime-Limited vs. Untimed AdministrationShortened Versions (15-Item).

Reading the Mind in the Eyes ¶

Choice of the best-matching mental-state word for a photograph of the eye region; accuracy indexes complex emotion and mental-state inference. Filed under Social cognition and social choice tasks. Engages 4 processesPerspective takingEmotion recognitionSocial perceptionFace perception. 4 aliasesRMETEyes TestBaron-Cohen Eyes TaskReading the Mind in the Eyes Test, 5 variationsRMET Revised (36 items)RMET Short Form (15–18 items)RMET Child VersionDynamic Eyes TaskFull-Face vs. Eyes-Only.

Receive Feedback ¶

Participant is told whether a response was right or wrong, how fast it was, or what was earned, after a response, a block or a session; feedback is a pseudo task when it accompanies a task incidentally, and part of the task itself when the task is built on it. Filed under Pseudo tasks: rest, fixation, self-report and feedback blocks. Engages no linked processes yet (pseudo task). 4 aliasesFeedback BlockPerformance FeedbackTrial FeedbackScore Screen, no variations.

Remember/Know ¶

Classify recognition hits as ‘remember’ (vivid recollection) or ‘know’ (familiarity without context); proportions index the relative contributions of recollection and familiarity to recognition memory. Filed under Recall and recognition memory tests. Engages 5 processesRecollectionFamiliarityRecognitionEpisodic memoryMetacognitive monitoring. 2 aliasesR/K ParadigmRemember-Know, 4 variationsStandard Remember/KnowRemember/Know/Guess (RKG)Remember/Know with Source MemoryAssociative Remember/Know.

Remote Associates ¶

Three cue words linked to a single fourth word; solution rate and solution time index semantic search and insight. Filed under Rule use, planning and reasoning tasks. Engages 4 processesInsightSemantic processingSemantic knowledgeLexical access. 3 aliasesRemote Associates TestRATRemote Associates, 4 variationsStandard RAT (Mednick)Compound RAT (CRAT)Timed vs. Untimed RATRAT with Hint/Priming, also filed under 1 other familyLanguage comprehension and production tasks.

Rest ¶

Participant stays awake, still and unoccupied for a block of several minutes while spontaneous activity is recorded; the block is a baseline for task blocks or a resting-state recording in its own right. Filed under Pseudo tasks: rest, fixation, self-report and feedback blocks. Engages no linked processes yet (pseudo task). 4 aliasesResting StateResting-State RecordingRest BlockBaseline Rest, 2 variationsEyes-Open RestEyes-Closed Rest.

Reversal Learning ¶

After initial stimulus-reward learning, the contingencies switch; perseveration and reversal speed index behavioral flexibility. Filed under Conditioning, reinforcement and implicit learning tasks. Engages 4 processesReversal learningReinforcement learningReward prediction errorSet shifting. 2 aliasesPRLProbabilistic Reversal Learning, 6 variationsDeterministic ReversalProbabilistic ReversalSerial ReversalStimulus-Outcome vs. Action-Outcome ReversalMulti-Dimensional ReversalReward vs. Punishment Reversal.

Rey Auditory Verbal Learning ¶

Repeated presentation of a 15-word list with immediate free recall over five trials, an interference list, and delayed recall; indexes verbal learning and forgetting. Filed under Recall and recognition memory tests. Engages 7 processesEncodingRecallRetrievalVerbal memoryEpisodic memoryProactive interferenceRetroactive interference. 3 aliasesRey Auditory Verbal Learning TestRAVLTRey Verbal Learning, 5 variationsStandard RAVLT (List A × 5 + List B + Recall + Delayed Recall)Recognition TrialShortened RAVLTProactive Interference ParadigmCued Recall Addition.

Self-Paced Reading ¶

Participants press a key to reveal each word or phrase of a sentence/passage; reading time per region indexes online processing difficulty and is sensitive to syntactic, semantic, and discourse-level manipulations. Filed under Language comprehension and production tasks. Engages 4 processesDiscourse processingSemantic processingLexical accessWord recognition. 5 aliasesMoving-Window Reading TaskWord-by-Word Reading TaskNon-Cumulative Self-Paced ReadingCumulative Self-Paced ReadingPhrase-by-Phrase Reading Task, 6 variationsNon-Cumulative (Moving Window)Cumulative Self-Paced ReadingPhrase-by-Phrase PresentationMaze TaskCross-Modal Self-Paced ListeningPassage-Level Self-Paced Reading.

Self-Referential Encoding ¶

Participants judge whether trait adjectives describe themselves vs. another person or a semantic property; the self-reference effect (superior recall for self-encoded items) and endorsement patterns index self-concept and self-referential processing. Filed under Memory control and prospective memory tasks. Engages 4 processesSelf-referential processingEncodingRetrievalRecollection. 4 aliasesSRETSelf-Reference Effect ParadigmSelf-Referential Processing TaskTrait Adjective Endorsement Task, 6 variationsStandard Trait Adjective EncodingPositive/Negative Valence SplitClose vs. Distant Other-ReferenceIncidental vs. Intentional EncodingEndorsement-Only (No Memory Test)Source Memory for Self-Encoded Items.

Semantic Priming ¶

Lexical or semantic decision on targets preceded by semantically related or unrelated primes; RT facilitation indexes automatic semantic activation. Filed under Language comprehension and production tasks. Engages 4 processesSemantic processingLexical accessSemantic knowledgeWord recognition. 5 aliasesPrimingAssociative PrimingMorphological PrimingPhonological PrimingOrthographic Priming, 12 variationsShort SOA (< 250 ms)Long SOA (> 500 ms)Masked PrimingRelatedness Proportion ManipulationSemantic Relation TypesMediated PrimingCross-Modal PrimingSentence Context PrimingPicture-Word PrimingMorphological PrimingPhonological PrimingOrthographic Priming.

Sentence Comprehension ¶

Reading or listening to locally ambiguous sentences; reading-time disruptions and offline comprehension indexes syntactic reanalysis. Filed under Language comprehension and production tasks. Engages 6 processesSyntactic parsingSentence comprehensionLanguage comprehensionReadingError detectionConflict monitoring. 2 aliasesGarden-Path ReadingSyntactic Ambiguity Task, 7 variationsSelf-Paced Reading (Word-by-Word)Eye-Tracking ReadingMain Verb/Reduced Relative AmbiguityPP-Attachment AmbiguityNP/S AmbiguityTemporarily Ambiguous vs. Unambiguous ControlsSpeed-Accuracy Tradeoff (SAT) Studies.

Serial Reaction Time ¶

Sequential key-press responses to cued locations; RT speedup on repeating vs random sequences indexes implicit sequence learning. Filed under Conditioning, reinforcement and implicit learning tasks. Engages 5 processesMotor sequence learningImplicit memoryProcedural memoryMotor preparationResponse execution. 3 aliasesSRTTSerial RTSerial Reaction Time, 7 variationsDeterministic SRTTProbabilistic SRTTAlternating Serial Reaction Time (ASRT)SRTT with Awareness AssessmentSecond-Order Conditional (SOC) SequencesArm-Reaching/Foot-Stepping SRTTCross-Modal SRTT, also filed under 1 other familyMotor performance and speeded response tasks.

Simon ¶

Non-spatial feature (e.g. color) dictates a left/right response while task-irrelevant stimulus location varies; RT cost on incongruent trials indexes spatial response conflict. Filed under Conflict and interference tasks. Engages 5 processesResponse conflictInterference controlSelective attentionConflict monitoringResponse selection. 2 aliasesSimon Effect TaskSpatial Compatibility, 10 variationsVisual Simon Task (Standard)Auditory Simon TaskVertical Simon TaskSimon Task with Accessory StimuliReversed Simon TaskJoint Simon TaskHybrid Simon-Flanker TaskEmotional Simon TaskMouse-Tracking SimonSimon with Proportion-Congruent Manipulation.

Source Memory ¶

After studying items presented in distinct contexts (speaker, location, modality, time), participants judge each item’s encoding source; source accuracy dissociates contextual recollection from item familiarity. Filed under Recall and recognition memory tests. Engages 5 processesSource memoryRetrievalRecollectionFamiliaritySelf-monitoring. 4 aliasesSource Monitoring TaskReality Monitoring TaskContext Memory TaskSource Judgment Task, 8 variationsVoice Source MonitoringSpatial Source MonitoringTemporal Source MonitoringReality MonitoringInternal Source MonitoringModality Source MonitoringEncoding Task Source MonitoringMulti-Source (3+ Sources).

Sternberg Item Recognition ¶

Short memory set followed by a probe; yes/no judgment of set membership. RT typically scales linearly with set size. Filed under Short-term and working memory tasks. Engages 5 processesActive maintenanceRetrievalWorking memoryVerbal working memoryResponse selection. 2 aliasesSternberg Memory ScanningMemory Search Task, 5 variationsVisual SternbergAuditory SternbergCross-Modal SternbergSternberg with Irrelevant ItemsRecent-Probes Sternberg.

Stop-Signal ¶

Choice RT task in which an occasional stop signal requires response cancellation; stop-signal reaction time (SSRT) estimates inhibitory latency. Filed under Response inhibition and stopping tasks. Engages 5 processesResponse inhibitionConflict monitoringMotor preparationResponse executionReactive control. 4 aliasesSSTStop TaskStop-SignalStop Signal, 8 variationsStandard SST with Staircase SSDFixed SSD ProcedureStop-Change TaskSelective Stop-SignalProactive vs. Reactive Inhibition ManipulationStop-Signal in Reaching/Saccade TasksContext-Dependent Stop-SignalConditional Stop-Signal.

Stroop Color-Word ¶

Naming the ink color of color words while ignoring word meaning; RT and error costs on incongruent trials index selective attention and conflict control. Filed under Conflict and interference tasks. Engages 6 processesInterference controlSelective attentionConflict monitoringResponse inhibitionResponse conflictReading. 3 aliasesStroopColor-Word Interference TestCWIT, 12 variationsClassic Color-Word StroopManual (Button-Press) StroopVocal Response StroopCounting StroopSpatial StroopNumerical StroopReverse StroopProportion-Congruent ManipulationFace-Word StroopColor-Shape StroopPriming StroopNegative Priming Stroop.

Sustained Attention to Response ¶

Speeded responses to frequent non-targets with withholding on rare targets; commission errors and RT variability index sustained attention lapses. Filed under Response inhibition and stopping tasks. Engages 5 processesSustained attentionResponse inhibitionMind wanderingSelf-monitoringMetacognitive monitoring. 2 aliasesSARTSustained Attention to Response, 8 variationsStandard SART (Fixed Sequence)Random SARTSART with Thought ProbesPerceptual SARTSustained Attention Task with Response SwitchingSART with Multiple TargetsSustained Attention with Clock TaskChild-Adapted SART, also filed under 1 other familyOddball, vigilance and continuous performance tasks.

Take Questionnaire ¶

Participant reads or hears a series of questionnaire items and records a response to each; the instrument administered is a parameter of the block, not a variation. Filed under Pseudo tasks: rest, fixation, self-report and feedback blocks. Engages no linked processes yet (pseudo task). 4 aliasesQuestionnaire BlockQuestionnaire AdministrationSelf-Report BlockSurvey, 2 variationsComputerized QuestionnaireInterviewer-Administered Questionnaire.

Task Switching ¶

Alternation between two or more simple tasks on cue; switch-cost RT and errors index task-set reconfiguration. Filed under Rule use, planning and reasoning tasks. Engages 4 processesSet shiftingGoal maintenanceProactive controlResponse selection. 2 aliasesSet ShiftingAlternating Runs, 10 variationsCued Task-SwitchingAlternating Runs (AABB)Voluntary Task SwitchingMixing Cost ParadigmCue-Stimulus Interval (CSI) ManipulationResponse-Stimulus Interval (RSI) ManipulationTask Switching with N>2 TasksUnivalent vs. Bivalent StimuliPredictable vs. Random Task SequencesTask Switching with Conflict.

Think/No-Think ¶

Cue words are presented with instructions to either retrieve or suppress their learned associate; later memory for suppressed items indexes retrieval-induced forgetting through inhibition. Filed under Memory control and prospective memory tasks. Engages 5 processesDirected forgettingResponse inhibitionRecallMetacognitive controlRetrieval. 2 aliasesTNT TaskThink No-Think, 6 variationsStandard Think/No-Think (TNT)Independent Probe TestTNT with Intrusion ReportingEmotional TNTTNT with Thought SubstitutionDose-Response TNT.

Tower of London ¶

Rearrange colored beads on pegs to match a goal state in the minimum number of moves; pre-execution latency and move efficiency index planning. Filed under Rule use, planning and reasoning tasks. Engages 5 processesPlanningMeans-ends analysisSubgoalingWorking memoryStrategy use. 3 aliasesTOLShallice Tower TaskTower of London, 6 variationsStandard Tower of London (3 pegs, 3 balls)Tower of HanoiTower of London – Drexel (TOL-DX)Tower of London – Freiburg (TOL-F)Computerized vs. Physical VersionsTower with Time Pressure.

Trail Making ¶

Paper-and-pencil sequencing: connect numbered circles (Part A) or alternate numbers and letters (Part B) as fast as possible. B−A difference indexes set switching. Filed under Rule use, planning and reasoning tasks. Engages 5 processesSelective attentionSet shiftingResponse executionMotor planningWorking memory. 4 aliasesTrail Making TestTMTTrails A/BTrail Making, 6 variationsTMT-A (Number Sequencing)TMT-B (Number-Letter Alternation)Oral Trail Making TestColor Trails TestComprehensive Trail Making Test (CTMT)D-KEFS Trail Making, also filed under 1 other familyMotor performance and speeded response tasks.

Trust Game ¶

Two-stage exchange in which an investor transfers a fraction of an endowment (multiplied on receipt), and a trustee returns some fraction; amounts transferred index trust and reciprocity. Filed under Social cognition and social choice tasks. Engages 5 processesSocial decision makingReciprocityPerspective takingRisk processingCooperation. 3 aliasesTrust GameTGInvestment Game, 7 variationsStandard Two-Stage Trust GameOne-Shot vs. RepeatedMultiplier VariationTrust Game with ReputationPartner Selection Trust GameAnonymous vs. Face-to-FaceSocial Identity Manipulation.

Two-Stage Decision ¶

Sequential two-choice task with probabilistic transitions to second-stage states and drifting rewards; choice patterns dissociate model-based from model-free control. Filed under Conditioning, reinforcement and implicit learning tasks. Engages 5 processesModel-based learningModel-free learningReinforcement learningReward prediction errorValue-based decision making. 3 aliasesTwo-Step TaskDaw TaskMB/MF Task, 5 variationsStandard Daw et al. (2011) VersionShortened/Simplified VersionsEnhanced Model-Based VersionDevaluation ManipulationTwo-Stage with Instructed Knowledge.

Ultimatum Game ¶

Proposer offers a division of an endowment; responder accepts or rejects. Rejection of unfair offers indexes inequity aversion and strategic punishment. Filed under Social cognition and social choice tasks. Engages 4 processesSocial decision makingReciprocityEmotion regulationValuation. 2 aliasesUltimatum GameUG, 9 variationsStandard UltimatumStrategy MethodMulti-Round UltimatumThird-Party PunishmentProposer CompetitionAsymmetric InformationStake VariationAnonymous vs. Identified PartnersUltimatum with Earned vs. Windfall Endowment.

Useful Field of View ¶

Brief central identification combined with peripheral localization under increasing distractor and divided-attention load; thresholds index processing speed and divided attention. Filed under Visual search and tracking tasks. Engages 5 processesDivided attentionSelective attentionSustained attentionVisual perceptionSpatial attention. 2 aliasesUseful Field of ViewUFOV, 4 variationsSubtest 1: Central Processing SpeedSubtest 2: Divided AttentionSubtest 3: Selective AttentionUFOV with Varying Eccentricities.

Verb Generation ¶

Produce a verb associated with each presented noun; indexes lexical-semantic retrieval and inhibition of prepotent responses, with well-known left-prefrontal activation. Filed under Language comprehension and production tasks. Engages 5 processesLanguage productionLexical accessSemantic processingResponse selectionSpeech production. 2 aliasesVerb GenVerb Generation, 6 variationsStandard Overt Verb GenerationCovert Verb GenerationHigh vs. Low Selection DemandVerb Generation with PracticeNoun Generation (Reverse)Written Verb Generation.

Verbal Fluency ¶

Generate as many words as possible within a time limit matching a phonemic (letter) or semantic (category) constraint; production count and clustering/switching patterns index executive-lexical retrieval. Filed under Language comprehension and production tasks. Engages 4 processesVerbal fluencyLexical accessSemantic knowledgeSelf-monitoring. 7 aliasesFAS TestControlled Oral Word Association TestCOWATLetter FluencyPhonemic FluencyCategory FluencySemantic Fluency, 6 variationsPhonemic / Letter Fluency (FAS)Semantic / Category FluencyAction / Verb FluencySwitching FluencyDesign FluencyExcluded-Letter Fluency.

Virtual Morris Water Maze ¶

Navigate a virtual circular arena to find a hidden platform using distal spatial cues; latency and search patterns index allocentric spatial learning and navigation ability. Filed under Spatial cognition and navigation tasks. Engages 5 processesSpatial memoryEncodingRetrievalSpatial working memoryStrategy use. 3 aliasesvMWMMorris Water MazeVirtual Water Maze, 9 variationsHidden Platform (Allocentric)Visible Platform (Cue-Based)Probe TrialsReversalDual-Solution DesignVirtual Star MazePath Integration TasksLarge-Scale Virtual CitiesBoundary-Based vs. Landmark-Based Navigation.

Virtual Radial Arm Maze ¶

Virtual multi-arm maze in which participants retrieve rewards from each arm once; working-memory and reference-memory errors index spatial memory. Filed under Spatial cognition and navigation tasks. Engages 4 processesSpatial memorySpatial working memoryEncodingRetrieval. 4 aliasesRadial Arm MazevRAMVirtual Radial Arm MazeRAM, 9 variationsStandard 8-Arm Radial MazePartially Baited Maze (4 of 8)12-Arm or 16-Arm VersionsVirtual Reality (Immersive VR)Desktop Virtual MazeMaze with LandmarksCue-Removed ConditionsDelay VariantsProbabilistic Reward Maze.

Visual Masking ¶

A brief target is rendered invisible or reduced in visibility by a preceding or following mask; variants include metacontrast, paracontrast, pattern, forward, backward, common-onset, and object-substitution masking. Filed under Perceptual judgment and psychophysics tasks. Engages 4 processesMaskingVisual perceptionPerceptual awarenessAttentional awareness. 3 aliasesBackward MaskingMetacontrast MaskingPattern Masking, 10 variationsStandard Metacontrast MaskingPhosphene Detection at ThresholdTMS-Evoked Phosphene DetectionObject Substitution MaskingPattern Masking at ThresholdContinuous Flash Suppression ThresholdRhythmic Entrainment + DetectionMasked Priming VariantBackward Masking with Attentional ManipulationAuditory Backward Masking.

Visual Search ¶

Detection of a target in a display of distractors; search slopes across set size dissociate feature (parallel) from conjunction (serial) search. Filed under Visual search and tracking tasks. Engages 5 processesSelective attentionFeature-based attentionSpatial attentionVisual perceptionObject-based attention. 2 aliasesFeature SearchConjunction Search, 11 variationsFeature Search (Pop-Out)Conjunction SearchSpatial Configuration SearchAbsent Trials and Target-Present/Absent RatioMultiple-Target Search (Foraging)Real-World/Naturalistic SearchGuided Search VariantsAdditional-Singleton ParadigmPreview SearchAdaptive Choice Visual SearchHybrid Search (Visual + Memory).

Wason Selection ¶

Four cards with letters and numbers under a conditional rule; participants choose cards to turn over to test the rule. Indexes conditional reasoning and content effects. Filed under Rule use, planning and reasoning tasks. Engages 3 processesDeductive reasoningHypothesis testingSocial perception. 2 aliasesWasonCard Selection Task, 8 variationsAbstract Wason Task (Standard)Thematic/Concrete VersionsSocial Contract VersionsPrecaution RulesDeontic vs. Indicative RulesNegated RulesProbabilistic Selection TaskWason 2-4-6 Task (Related).

Weapons Identification ¶

Speeded categorization of tools vs weapons primed by faces of varying race; congruence effects index implicit racial bias in perception. Filed under Conflict and interference tasks. Engages 6 processesStereotypingIn-group/out-group processingFace perceptionVisual object recognitionResponse conflictPerceptual decision making. 3 aliasesShooter Bias TaskWeapons TaskPayne Task, 2 variationsFirst-Person Shooter Task (Correll et al., 2002)Weapons Task in Virtual Reality, also filed under 1 other familySocial cognition and social choice tasks.

Wisconsin Card Sorting ¶

Sort cards by a hidden rule (color, form, or number) using only correct/incorrect feedback; after runs of correct sorts the rule silently switches. Perseverative errors index set-shifting. Filed under Rule use, planning and reasoning tasks. Engages 5 processesSet shiftingHypothesis testingError detectionCategorizationStrategy use. 3 aliasesWisconsin Card Sorting TestWCSTCard Sorting Task, 7 variationsStandard WCST (128 Cards)Short Form WCST (64 Cards)Modified WCST with Explicit CuesBerg Card Sorting TestIntra-/Extra-Dimensional Set Shifting (IED)Reversal-Only WCSTProbabilistic WCST.