Language comprehension and production tasks¶

Words, sentences or pictures are read, heard, named or generated; reading time, naming latency, lexical decision speed and fluency counts are the measures.

This family contains 8 tasks and cross-lists 1 more.

Lexical Decision ¶

Speeded word/nonword judgment; RT and accuracy index lexical access and are sensitive to frequency, priming, and context. Engages 5 processesLexical accessWord recognitionSemantic processingReadingCategorization. 2 aliasesLDTLexical Decision, 8 variationsStandard Visual LDTAuditory LDTMasked Priming LDTCross-Modal LDTLDT with Different Nonword TypesBilingual LDTLDT MegastudiesGo/No-Go LDT.

Phonological Awareness ¶

Rhyme judgment, phoneme deletion, or phoneme blending tasks index sensitivity to the sound structure of language. Engages 4 processesPhonological awarenessPhonological encodingSpeech perceptionCategorization. 2 aliasesRhyme JudgmentPhoneme Deletion, 11 variationsRhyme DetectionRhyme OddityRhyme ProductionOnset DetectionPhoneme DeletionPhoneme SubstitutionPhoneme SegmentationBlendingSpoonerismsAlliteration DetectionSyllable Awareness Tasks.

Picture Naming ¶

Naming of pictured objects; RT and errors index lexical retrieval and are sensitive to name agreement, frequency, and age of acquisition. Engages 6 processesNamingLexical accessLanguage productionVisual object recognitionSemantic processingSpeech production. 2 aliasesObject NamingConfrontation Naming, 9 variationsStandard Single-Object NamingBlocked-Cyclic NamingContinuous NamingPicture-Word Interference (PWI)Delayed NamingObject + Action NamingBilingual Picture NamingTip-of-the-Tongue (TOT) ParadigmNaming with Phonological/Semantic Cues.

Self-Paced Reading ¶

Participants press a key to reveal each word or phrase of a sentence/passage; reading time per region indexes online processing difficulty and is sensitive to syntactic, semantic, and discourse-level manipulations. Engages 4 processesDiscourse processingSemantic processingLexical accessWord recognition. 5 aliasesMoving-Window Reading TaskWord-by-Word Reading TaskNon-Cumulative Self-Paced ReadingCumulative Self-Paced ReadingPhrase-by-Phrase Reading Task, 6 variationsNon-Cumulative (Moving Window)Cumulative Self-Paced ReadingPhrase-by-Phrase PresentationMaze TaskCross-Modal Self-Paced ListeningPassage-Level Self-Paced Reading.

Semantic Priming ¶

Lexical or semantic decision on targets preceded by semantically related or unrelated primes; RT facilitation indexes automatic semantic activation. Engages 4 processesSemantic processingLexical accessSemantic knowledgeWord recognition. 5 aliasesPrimingAssociative PrimingMorphological PrimingPhonological PrimingOrthographic Priming, 12 variationsShort SOA (< 250 ms)Long SOA (> 500 ms)Masked PrimingRelatedness Proportion ManipulationSemantic Relation TypesMediated PrimingCross-Modal PrimingSentence Context PrimingPicture-Word PrimingMorphological PrimingPhonological PrimingOrthographic Priming.

Sentence Comprehension ¶

Reading or listening to locally ambiguous sentences; reading-time disruptions and offline comprehension indexes syntactic reanalysis. Engages 6 processesSyntactic parsingSentence comprehensionLanguage comprehensionReadingError detectionConflict monitoring. 2 aliasesGarden-Path ReadingSyntactic Ambiguity Task, 7 variationsSelf-Paced Reading (Word-by-Word)Eye-Tracking ReadingMain Verb/Reduced Relative AmbiguityPP-Attachment AmbiguityNP/S AmbiguityTemporarily Ambiguous vs. Unambiguous ControlsSpeed-Accuracy Tradeoff (SAT) Studies.

Verb Generation ¶

Produce a verb associated with each presented noun; indexes lexical-semantic retrieval and inhibition of prepotent responses, with well-known left-prefrontal activation. Engages 5 processesLanguage productionLexical accessSemantic processingResponse selectionSpeech production. 2 aliasesVerb GenVerb Generation, 6 variationsStandard Overt Verb GenerationCovert Verb GenerationHigh vs. Low Selection DemandVerb Generation with PracticeNoun Generation (Reverse)Written Verb Generation.

Generate as many words as possible within a time limit matching a phonemic (letter) or semantic (category) constraint; production count and clustering/switching patterns index executive-lexical retrieval. Engages 4 processesVerbal fluencyLexical accessSemantic knowledgeSelf-monitoring. 7 aliasesFAS TestControlled Oral Word Association TestCOWATLetter FluencyPhonemic FluencyCategory FluencySemantic Fluency, 6 variationsPhonemic / Letter Fluency (FAS)Semantic / Category FluencyAction / Verb FluencySwitching FluencyDesign FluencyExcluded-Letter Fluency.

Also filed here¶

These tasks are filed under another family and cross-listed here; the note says why.

Task	Filed under	Note
Remote Associates	Rule use, planning and reasoning tasks	Insight problem solving over words; could be filed under language

Marked for review¶

A review mark means the assignment is a judgement call the curator has flagged for a second opinion. On the family an entry is filed under it means “not sure this is the right home”; on a cross-listing it means “not sure this belongs here at all”. The note names the alternative or the doubt. Comments go to the issue tracker.

Task	Membership	Note
Remote Associates	cross-listed	Insight problem solving over words; could be filed under language