Inhibitory Control and Conflict Monitoring¶
Scope: Response inhibition, response conflict, conflict monitoring, interference control, executive attention, proactive control, reactive control, error detection, error correction.
Out of scope: Impulsivity as a trait; behavioral inhibition as a temperament construct.
Note
Open issues: The proactive/reactive control split is paradigm-bound (AX-CPT-style designs); retained but worth revisiting if the Catalog adds paradigms that dissociate other control modes.
This category contains 9 processes.
Conflict monitoring¶
Process ID: hed_conflict_monitoring
Detection of co-activation of incompatible response tendencies, proposed to recruit anterior cingulate cortex and trigger cognitive control.
Tasks that engage this process: Anti-Saccade Task, Attention Network Task, Emotional Stroop Task, Eriksen Flanker Task, Go/No-Go Task, Sentence Comprehension Task, Simon Task, Stop-Signal Task, Stroop Color-Word Task
Fundamental references
Botvinick, Braver, Barch, Carter & Cohen (2001) Psychological Review 108:624–652 (DOI)
Further references
Error correction¶
Process ID: hed_error_correction
Adjustment of behavior following an error, including post-error slowing and improvement on subsequent trials.
Tasks that engage this process: none in the current Catalog.
Fundamental references
Further references
Error detection¶
Process ID: hed_error_detection
Recognition that a response was incorrect, indexed by the error-related negativity (ERN) and by error awareness.
Tasks that engage this process: Mirror Tracing Task, Sentence Comprehension Task, Wisconsin Card Sorting Task
Fundamental references
Executive attention¶
Process ID: hed_executive_attention
Resolution of conflict among thoughts, feelings, and responses; one of Posner’s three attentional networks.
Tasks that engage this process: Anti-Saccade Task, Attention Network Task, Emotion Regulation Task
Fundamental references
Fan, McCandliss, Sommer, Raz & Posner (2002) Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 14:340–347 (DOI)
Further references
Petersen & Posner (2012) Annual Review of Neuroscience 35:73–89 (DOI)
Interference control¶
Process ID: hed_interference_control
Also known as: interference resolution
Resistance to interference from task-irrelevant stimuli or competing response representations, measured by Stroop, Flanker, and Simon effects.
Tasks that engage this process: Attention Network Task, Emotional Stroop Task, Eriksen Flanker Task, Implicit Association Task, N-Back Task, Navon Task, Operation Span Task, Simon Task, Stroop Color-Word Task
Fundamental references
Eriksen & Eriksen (1974) Perception & Psychophysics 16:143–149 (DOI)
Further references
Proactive control¶
Process ID: hed_proactive_control
Sustained, anticipatory maintenance of task goals that biases processing in preparation for an expected demand.
Tasks that engage this process: Task Switching Task
Fundamental references
Reactive control¶
Process ID: hed_reactive_control
Transient, stimulus-triggered engagement of control after interference or conflict is detected.
Tasks that engage this process: Stop-Signal Task
Fundamental references
Response conflict¶
Process ID: hed_response_conflict
Competing activation of two or more response representations on a single trial, typically engaging cognitive control.
Tasks that engage this process: Affective Priming Task, Eriksen Flanker Task, Implicit Association Task, Navon Task, Simon Task, Stroop Color-Word Task, Weapons Identification Task
Fundamental references
Cohen, Dunbar & McClelland (1990) Psychological Review 97:332–361 (DOI)
Further references
Response inhibition¶
Process ID: hed_response_inhibition
Also known as: inhibitory control; response suppression - more common in motor-control and oculomotor literatures
Suppression of a prepotent or already-initiated response when it becomes inappropriate, indexed behaviorally by stop-signal reaction time or commission errors.
Tasks that engage this process: Anti-Saccade Task, Balloon Analog Risk Task, Continuous Performance Task, Delay Discounting Task, Directed Forgetting Task, Go/No-Go Task, Imitation-Inhibition Task, Stop-Signal Task, Stroop Color-Word Task, Sustained Attention to Response Task, Think/No-Think Task
Fundamental references