Inhibitory Control and Conflict Monitoring¶
Scope: Response inhibition, response conflict, conflict monitoring, interference control, executive attention, proactive control, reactive control, error detection, error correction.
Out of scope: Impulsivity as a trait; behavioral inhibition as a temperament construct.
This category contains 9 processes.
Conflict monitoring
Process ID: hed_conflict_monitoring
Detection of co-activation of incompatible response tendencies, proposed to recruit anterior cingulate cortex and trigger cognitive control.
Tasks
The following tasks engage this process:
Fundamental references
Botvinick, Braver, Barch, Carter & Cohen (2001) Psychological Review 108:624–652
Recent references
Shenhav, Botvinick & Cohen (2013) Neuron 79:217–240
Error correction
Process ID: hed_error_correction
Adjustment of behavior following an error, including post-error slowing and improvement on subsequent trials.
No tasks in the current catalog are linked to this process.
Fundamental references
Rabbitt (1966) Nature 212:438
Laming (1979) Acta Psychologica 43:199–224
Recent references
Danielmeier & Ullsperger (2011) Frontiers in Psychology 2:233
Error detection
Process ID: hed_error_detection
Recognition that a response was incorrect, indexed by the error-related negativity (ERN) and by error awareness.
Tasks
The following tasks engage this process:
Fundamental references
Falkenstein, Hohnsbein, Hoormann & Blanke (1991) EEG & Clinical Neurophysiology 78:447–455
Gehring, Goss, Coles, Meyer & Donchin (1993) Psychological Science 4:385–390
Executive attention
Process ID: hed_executive_attention
Resolution of conflict among thoughts, feelings, and responses; one of Posner’s three attentional networks.
Tasks
The following tasks engage this process:
Fundamental references
Fan, McCandliss, Sommer, Raz & Posner (2002) Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 14:340–347
Recent references
Petersen & Posner (2012) Annual Review of Neuroscience 35:73–89
Interference control
Process ID: hed_interference_control
Resistance to interference from task-irrelevant stimuli or competing response representations, measured by Stroop, Flanker, and Simon effects.
Tasks
The following tasks engage this process:
Fundamental references
Eriksen & Eriksen (1974) Perception & Psychophysics 16:143–149
Recent references
Nigg (2017) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 58:361–383
Proactive control
Process ID: hed_proactive_control
Sustained, anticipatory maintenance of task goals that biases processing in preparation for an expected demand.
Tasks
The following tasks engage this process:
Fundamental references
Braver et al. (2021) Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience doi:10.1162/jocn_a_01768
Recent references
Braver (2012) Trends in Cognitive Sciences 16:106–113
Reactive control
Process ID: hed_reactive_control
Transient, stimulus-triggered engagement of control after interference or conflict is detected.
Tasks
The following tasks engage this process:
Fundamental references
Braver et al. (2021) Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience doi:10.1162/jocn_a_01768
Recent references
Braver (2012) Trends in Cognitive Sciences 16:106–113
Response conflict
Process ID: hed_response_conflict
Competing activation of two or more response representations on a single trial, typically engaging cognitive control.
Tasks
The following tasks engage this process:
Fundamental references
Cohen, Dunbar & McClelland (1990) Psychological Review 97:332–361
Recent references
Botvinick (2007) Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience 7:356–366
Response inhibition
Process ID: hed_response_inhibition
Suppression of a prepotent or already-initiated response when it becomes inappropriate, indexed behaviorally by stop-signal reaction time or commission errors.
Tasks
The following tasks engage this process:
Fundamental references
Logan & Cowan (1984) Psychological Review 91:295–327
Recent references
Aron, Robbins & Poldrack (2014) Trends in Cognitive Sciences 18:177–185